Wu Xiyan, Ning Chao, Bao Qingchuan, Gao Shizhu, Zhang Fan, Wu Sihao, Li Tianjiao, Fan Linyuan, Li Tao, Yang Xuan, Cai Dawei, Cui Yinqiu
Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Hum Biol. 2019 Feb 17;91(1):21-30. doi: 10.13110/humanbiology.91.1.04.
Ancient DNA studies have always refreshed our understanding of the human past that cannot be tracked by modern DNA alone. Until recently, ancient mitochondrial genomic studies in East Asia were still very limited. Here, we retrieved the whole mitochondrial genome of an 8,400-year-old individual from Inner Mongolia, China. Phylogenetic analyses show that the individual belongs to a previously undescribed clade under haplogroup C5d that most probably originated in northern Asia and may have a very low frequency in extant populations that have not yet been sampled. We further characterized the demographic history of mitochondrial haplogroups C5 and C5d and found that C5 experienced a sharp increase in population size starting around 4,000 years before present, the time when intensive millet farming was developed by populations who are associated with the Lower Xiajiadian culture and was widely adopted in northern China. We caution that people related to haplogroup C5 may have added this farming technology to their original way of life and that the various forms of subsistence may have provided abundant food sources and further contributed to the increase in population size.
古DNA研究不断刷新我们对人类过去的认识，而这仅靠现代DNA是无法追溯的。直到最近，东亚地区的古代线粒体基因组研究仍然非常有限。在此，我们从中国内蒙古地区获取了一名8400年前个体的完整线粒体基因组。系统发育分析表明，该个体属于单倍群C5d下一个此前未被描述的分支，极有可能起源于亚洲北部，在尚未采样的现存人群中频率可能非常低。我们进一步分析了线粒体单倍群C5和C5d的人口历史，发现C5的群体规模在距今约4000年前开始急剧增加，这一时期与夏家店下层文化相关的人群发展出了集约化粟作农业，并在中国北方广泛采用。我们提醒，与单倍群C5相关的人群可能将这种农业技术融入了他们原有的生活方式，而多种生存方式可能提供了丰富的食物来源，进而推动了群体规模的增长。
