Canuti Marta, Todd Melissa, Monteiro Paige, Van Osch Kalia, Weir Richard, Schwantje Helen, Britton Ann P, Lang Andrew S
Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave., St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development, Coast Area Research Section, Suite 103-2100 Labieux Rd., Nanaimo, BC V9T 6E9, Canada.
Pathogens. 2020 Feb 15;9(2):124. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9020124.
and are monophyletic viral genera that infect carnivores. We performed surveillance for and sequence analyses of parvoviruses in mustelids in insular British Columbia to investigate parvoviral maintenance and cross-species transmission among wildlife. Overall, 19.1% (49/256) of the tested animals were parvovirus-positive. Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) was more prevalent in mink (41.6%, 32/77) than martens (3.1%, 4/130), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) was more prevalent in otters (27.3%, 6/22) than mink (5.2%, 4/77) or martens (2.3%, 3/130), and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was found in one mink, one otter, and zero ermines (N = 27). Viruses were endemic and bottleneck events, founder effects, and genetic drift generated regional lineages. We identified two local closely related AMDV lineages, one CPV-2 lineage, and five FPV lineages. Highly similar viruses were identified in different hosts, demonstrating cross-species transmission. The likelihood for cross-species transmission differed among viruses and some species likely represented dead-end spillover hosts. We suggest that there are principal maintenance hosts (otters for FPV, raccoons for CPV-2/FPV, mink for AMDV) that enable viral persistence and serve as sources for other susceptible species. In this multi-host system, viral and host factors affect viral persistence and distribution, shaping parvoviral ecology and evolution, with implications for insular carnivore conservation.
和是感染食肉动物的单系病毒属。我们对不列颠哥伦比亚岛的鼬科动物中的细小病毒进行了监测和序列分析，以调查野生动物中细小病毒的维持情况和跨物种传播。总体而言，19.1%（49/256）的受试动物细小病毒呈阳性。阿留申貂病病毒（AMDV）在水貂中（41.6%，32/77）比貂（3.1%，4/130）更普遍，猫泛白细胞减少症病毒（FPV）在水獭中（27.3%，6/22）比水貂（5.2%，4/77）或貂（2.3%，3/130）更普遍，并且在1只水貂、1只水獭和0只白鼬（N = 27）中发现了犬细小病毒2型（CPV-2）。病毒是地方性的，瓶颈事件、奠基者效应和遗传漂变产生了区域谱系。我们鉴定出两个本地密切相关的AMDV谱系、一个CPV-2谱系和五个FPV谱系。在不同宿主中鉴定出高度相似的病毒，表明存在跨物种传播。跨物种传播的可能性在病毒之间有所不同，一些物种可能代表终端溢出宿主。我们认为存在主要维持宿主（FPV的水獭、CPV-2/FPV的浣熊、AMDV的水貂），这些宿主使病毒得以持续存在并成为其他易感物种的来源。在这个多宿主系统中，病毒和宿主因素影响病毒的持续存在和分布，塑造了细小病毒的生态学和进化，对岛屿食肉动物的保护具有重要意义。
