Global Animal Health-Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania
Research Center for Animal Health and Safety, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
J Virol. 2019 Jun 14;93(13). doi: 10.1128/JVI.02220-18. Print 2019 Jul 1.
Carnivore parvoviruses infect wild and domestic carnivores, and cross-species transmission is believed to occur. However, viral dynamics are not well understood, nor are the consequences for wild carnivore populations of the introduction of new strains into wild ecosystems. To clarify the ecology of these viruses in a multihost system such as the Serengeti ecosystem and identify potential threats for wildlife conservation, we analyzed, through real-time PCR, 152 samples belonging to 14 wild carnivore species and 62 samples from healthy domestic dogs. We detected parvovirus DNA in several wildlife tissues. Of the wild carnivore and domestic dog samples tested, 13% and 43%, respectively, were positive for carnivore parvovirus infection, but little evidence of transmission between the wild and domestic carnivores was detected. Instead, we describe two different epidemiological scenarios with separate routes of transmission: first, an endemic feline parvovirus (FPV) route of transmission maintained by wild carnivores inside the Serengeti National Park (SNP) and, second, a canine parvovirus (CPV) route of transmission among domestic dogs living around the periphery of the SNP. Twelve FPV sequences were characterized; new host-virus associations involving wild dogs, jackals, and hyenas were discovered; and our results suggest that mutations in the fragment of the gene were not required for infection of different carnivore species. In domestic dogs, 6 sequences belonged to the CPV-2a strain, while 11 belonged to the CPV-2 vaccine-derived strain. This is the first description of a vaccine-derived parvovirus strain being transmitted naturally. Carnivore parvoviruses are widespread among wild and domestic carnivores, which are vulnerable to severe disease under certain circumstances. This study furthers the understanding of carnivore parvovirus epidemiology, suggesting that feline parvoviruses are endemic in wild carnivores in the Serengeti National Park (SNP), with new host species identified, and that canine parvoviruses are present in the dog population living around the SNP. Little evidence of transmission of canine parvoviruses into wild carnivore species was found; however, the detection of vaccine-derived virus (described here for the first time to be circulating naturally in domestic dogs) highlights the importance of performing epidemiological research in the region.
肉食动物细小病毒感染野生和家养肉食动物，并且据信会发生跨物种传播。然而，病毒动力学尚未得到很好的理解，也不清楚新菌株引入野生生态系统对野生肉食动物种群的后果。为了阐明塞伦盖蒂生态系统等多宿主系统中这些病毒的生态学，并确定野生动物保护的潜在威胁，我们通过实时 PCR 分析了属于 14 种野生肉食动物物种的 152 个样本和来自健康家犬的 62 个样本。我们在几种野生动物组织中检测到细小病毒 DNA。在所测试的野生肉食动物和家犬样本中，分别有 13%和 43%为肉食动物细小病毒感染阳性，但很少有证据表明野生和家养肉食动物之间存在传播。相反，我们描述了两种具有不同传播途径的不同流行病学情况：首先，由野生肉食动物在塞伦盖蒂国家公园（SNP）内部维持的地方性猫细小病毒（FPV）传播途径，其次是生活在 SNP 周边的家犬之间的犬细小病毒（CPV）传播途径。我们还对 12 个 FPV 序列进行了特征描述，发现了涉及野狗、豺狼和鬣狗的新的宿主-病毒关联，并且我们的结果表明，不同肉食动物物种感染所需的 基因片段突变并非必需。在家犬中，6 个序列属于 CPV-2a 株，而 11 个序列属于 CPV-2 疫苗衍生株。这是首次描述自然传播的疫苗衍生细小病毒株。肉食动物细小病毒在野生和家养肉食动物中广泛传播，在某些情况下，它们容易患严重疾病。本研究进一步了解了肉食动物细小病毒的流行病学，表明塞伦盖蒂国家公园（SNP）的野生肉食动物中存在地方性猫细小病毒，并且确定了新的宿主物种，并且在 SNP 周围生活的犬群中存在犬细小病毒。很少有证据表明犬细小病毒传播到野生肉食动物物种；然而，检测到疫苗衍生的病毒（这里首次描述为在国内犬中自然循环）突出了在该地区进行流行病学研究的重要性。
