Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA; email:
Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2020 Jul 8;43:163-186. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100719-093305. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage express a wide range of Ca channels and receptors that regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and oligodendrocyte formation and function. Here we define those key channels and receptors that regulate Ca signaling and OPC development and myelination. We then discuss how the regulation of intracellular Ca in turn affects OPC and oligodendrocyte biology in the healthy nervous system and under pathological conditions. Activation of Ca channels and receptors in OPCs and oligodendrocytes by neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca, making Ca signaling a central candidate mediator of activity-driven myelination. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that localized changes in Ca in oligodendrocytes can regulate the formation and remodeling of myelin sheaths and perhaps additional functions of oligodendrocytes and OPCs. Thus, decoding how OPCs and myelinating oligodendrocytes integrate and process Ca signals will be important to fully understand central nervous system formation, health, and function.
少突胶质细胞谱系的细胞表达广泛的钙通道和受体，这些通道和受体调节少突胶质前体细胞（OPC）和少突胶质细胞的形成和功能。在这里，我们定义了那些调节钙信号和 OPC 发育和髓鞘形成的关键通道和受体。然后，我们讨论了细胞内钙的调节如何反过来影响健康神经系统和病理条件下的 OPC 和少突胶质细胞生物学。神经递质对 OPC 和少突胶质细胞中钙通道和受体的激活集中在调节细胞内钙上，使钙信号成为活动驱动髓鞘形成的核心候选介质。事实上，最近的证据表明，少突胶质细胞中钙的局部变化可以调节髓鞘的形成和重塑，以及少突胶质细胞和 OPC 的其他功能。因此，解码 OPC 和髓鞘形成的少突胶质细胞如何整合和处理钙信号对于全面理解中枢神经系统的形成、健康和功能将是重要的。
