Kamen Yasmine, Pivonkova Helena, Evans Kimberley A, Káradóttir Ragnhildur T
Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Physiology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Neuroscientist. 2022 Apr;28(2):144-162. doi: 10.1177/1073858420987208. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes which myelinate axons in the central nervous system. Although classically thought to be a homogeneous population, OPCs are reported to have different developmental origins and display regional and temporal diversity in their transcriptome, response to growth factors, and physiological properties. Similarly, evidence is accumulating that myelinating oligodendrocytes display transcriptional heterogeneity. Analyzing this reported heterogeneity suggests that OPCs, and perhaps also myelinating oligodendrocytes, may exist in different functional cell states. Here, we review the evidence indicating that OPCs and oligodendrocytes are diverse, and we discuss the implications of functional OPC states for myelination in the adult brain and for myelin repair.
少突胶质前体细胞（OPCs）可分化为少突胶质细胞，后者为中枢神经系统中的轴突形成髓鞘。尽管传统观点认为OPCs是同质群体，但据报道，OPCs具有不同的发育起源，并且在转录组、对生长因子的反应以及生理特性方面表现出区域和时间上的多样性。同样，越来越多的证据表明，形成髓鞘的少突胶质细胞也表现出转录异质性。对这种报道的异质性进行分析表明，OPCs以及可能还有形成髓鞘的少突胶质细胞，可能以不同的功能细胞状态存在。在这里，我们回顾了表明OPCs和少突胶质细胞具有多样性的证据，并讨论了功能性OPC状态对成人大脑髓鞘形成和髓鞘修复的影响。
