男性医生遭受基于性和性别的骚扰的经历：一项定性研究。
The Experience of Male Physicians with Sexual and Gender-Based Harassment: a Qualitative Study.
作者信息
Farkas Amy H, Scholcoff Cecilia, Machen Julie L, Kay Cynthia, Nickoloff Sarah, Fletcher Kathlyn E, Jackson Jeffrey L
机构信息
Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee VA Medical Center, 5000 W National Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Dell School of Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
出版信息
J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Aug;35(8):2383-2388. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05695-4. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
BACKGROUND
Sexual harassment and gender-based harassment are common in medicine; however, there is little in the literature regarding men's experience with gender-based and sexual harassment.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to better understand the experience men have with sexual and gender-based harassment in medicine.
DESIGN
We developed and piloted an interview guide based on a review of the literature and conducted semi-structured interviews of male physicians, from trainees to attendings, at a tertiary care facility. Participants were recruited via email between April and August of 2019. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and, using an iterative coding approach based in grounded theory, were coded and analyzed for themes.
MAIN RESULTS
We conducted a total of 16 interviews. Five major themes were identified: (1) personal experiences of harassment, (2) witnessed harassment, (3) characterization of harassment, (4) impact of harassment, and (5) strategies for responding to harassment. The men reported experiences with sexual and gender-based harassment but were hesitant to define these encounters as such. They had minimal emotional distress from these encounters but worried about their professional reputation and lacked training for how to respond to these encounters. Many had also witnessed their female colleagues being harassed by both male patients and colleagues but did not respond to or stop the harassment when it originated from a colleague.
CONCLUSION
We found that men experience sexual harassment differently from women. Most notably, men report less emotional distress from these encounters and often do not define these events as harassment. However, similar to women, men feel unprepared to respond to episodes of harassment against themselves or others. Whether to deter sexual harassment against themselves, or, more commonly, against a female colleague, men can gain the tools to speak up and be part of the solution to sexual harassment in medicine.
背景
性骚扰和基于性别的骚扰在医学领域很常见；然而，关于男性在基于性别的骚扰和性骚扰方面的经历，文献中几乎没有相关内容。
目的
本研究的目的是更好地了解男性在医学领域的性骚扰和基于性别的骚扰经历。
设计
我们在文献综述的基础上制定并试用了一份访谈指南，对一家三级医疗设施中从实习生到主治医生的男性医生进行了半结构化访谈。2019年4月至8月期间通过电子邮件招募了参与者。这些访谈被逐字转录，并采用基于扎根理论的迭代编码方法进行编码和主题分析。
主要结果
我们共进行了16次访谈。确定了五个主要主题：（1）骚扰的个人经历，（2）目睹的骚扰，（3）骚扰的特征，（4）骚扰的影响，以及（5）应对骚扰的策略。男性报告了性骚扰和基于性别的骚扰经历，但不愿将这些遭遇定义为骚扰。他们在这些遭遇中几乎没有情绪困扰，但担心自己的职业声誉，并且缺乏应对这些遭遇的培训。许多人还目睹了他们的女同事受到男性患者和同事的骚扰，但当骚扰来自同事时，他们没有做出反应或阻止骚扰。
结论
我们发现男性与女性在性骚扰经历上有所不同。最值得注意的是，男性报告在这些遭遇中情绪困扰较少，并且通常不将这些事件定义为骚扰。然而，与女性类似，男性在应对针对自己或他人的骚扰事件时感到准备不足。无论是为了防止针对自己的性骚扰，还是更常见的针对女同事的性骚扰，男性都可以获得发声的工具，并成为解决医学领域性骚扰问题的一部分。
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