New set of microsatellite markers for the Great-billed Seed-finch (Sporophila maximiliani - Passeriformes: Thraupidae): tools for inspection and conservation.

The Thraupidae family is one of the most wanted by bird breeders in Brazil because it is represented by its diverse, colorful and melodious singers. The Great-billed Seed-finch, Sporophila maximiliani, is the only representative of the genus Sporophila considered critically endangered in Brazil. Due to the demands of environmental agencies and of conservation programs, there is a need to increase the number of molecular markers available for the genus and specially for S. maximiliani. Therefore, this work aimed to provide a new set of microsatellite markers for S. maximiliani in order to help bird breeders and environmental agencies on fulfilling its demands as well as contributing with extra genetics tools for conservation programs of the S. maximiliani. Of the 30 markers developed, 25 successfully amplified, and 22 were polymorphic. Annealing temperature varied from 52 to 64 °C, number of alleles from 2 to 13, and the medium allele richness was 7.25 and medium expected, observed heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.812, 0.661 and 0.752. The probability of identity estimate was 8.54 × 10 and all the other probabilities of non-exclusion (sib-identity, parent pair and first-parent) were < 0.001, indicating that this set of microsatellite markers have high genetic variability and high power of individual genetic differentiation for S. maximiliani. Therefore, this work increases the options of molecular markers to be used on inspection for environmental agencies and for conservation programs on analyzing genetic variability and population studies for S. maximiliani.