Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2020 Aug;76(8):2601-2608. doi: 10.1002/ps.5798. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Multiple-herbicide resistance in Lolium rigidum and other weed species is increasingly exerting pressure on herbicide discovery research for solutions against resistance-prone weeds. In this study we investigate: (i) the responses of L. rigidum populations and wheat to the new herbicide cinmethylin in comparison with other pre-emergence herbicides, (ii) the effect of seed burial depths on cinmethylin efficacy and crop selectivity, and (iii) the basis of cinmethylin selectivity in wheat.
Cinmethylin at 400 g ha controls herbicide-susceptible and multiple-resistant L. rigidum, with a reduction of >85% in plant emergence and 90% in aboveground biomass. Cinmethylin provides effective control of a large number of field populations of L. rigidum with evident resistance to trifluralin. When the wheat seed is buried ≥1 cm below the cinmethylin-treated soil surface, the emergence of crop seedlings is not different from the untreated control. The organophosphate insecticide phorate synergizes cinmethylin toxicity in wheat, with an LD of 682 g ha in the absence of phorate versus 109 g ha in the presence of phorate (84% reduction). The synergistic effect of phorate with cinmethylin on herbicide-susceptible L. rigidum appears smaller (a 44% reduction in the LD of cinmethylin).
Cinmethylin is effective in controlling multiple-resistant L. rigidum and appears safe for wheat when the seed is separated at depth from the herbicide applied to the soil surface. The basis of this metabolism-based selectivity is likely regulated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
多杂草抗性在硬叶狗尾草和其他杂草物种中的出现，对除草剂发现研究施加了越来越大的压力，以寻找针对抗药性杂草的解决方案。本研究调查了：（i）与其他芽前除草剂相比，新除草剂 Cinmethylin 对硬叶狗尾草种群和小麦的反应，（ii）种子埋藏深度对 Cinmethylin 功效和作物选择性的影响，以及（iii）Cinmethylin 在小麦中选择性的基础。
Cinmethylin 在 400 g/ha 时可控制除草剂敏感和多重抗性的硬叶狗尾草，植物出苗减少>85%，地上生物量减少 90%。Cinmethylin 可有效控制大量具有明显抗三氟拉林抗性的硬叶狗尾草田间种群。当小麦种子埋藏在 Cinmethylin 处理的土壤表面以下≥1 厘米时，幼苗的出苗与未处理的对照没有区别。有机磷杀虫剂磷胺可增强小麦中 Cinmethylin 的毒性，在没有磷胺的情况下，LD 为 682 g/ha，而在有磷胺的情况下，LD 为 109 g/ha（降低 84%）。磷胺与 Cinmethylin 对除草剂敏感的硬叶狗尾草的协同作用较小（Cinmethylin 的 LD 降低 44%）。
Cinmethylin 可有效控制多重抗性的硬叶狗尾草，当种子与施用于土壤表面的除草剂深度分离时，对小麦似乎是安全的。这种基于代谢的选择性的基础可能是由细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶调节的。© 2020 化学工业协会。
