Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture & Environment , University of Western Australia , Crawley , Western Australia 6009 , Australia.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Jul 25;66(29):7589-7596. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02283. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Resistance to the pre-emergence herbicide trifluralin is increasing in Australian annual ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum) populations. Three L. rigidum populations (R1, R2, and R3) collected from Australian grain fields were identified with trifluralin resistance. Both target-site and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms were investigated. No target-site α-tubulin mutations were detected in populations R1 and R3, while an Arg-243-Lys mutation was found in R2. Compared with the three trifluralin-susceptible populations, enhanced [C]-trifluralin metabolism, quantified by measuring the amount of [C] label partitioning into the polar phase of a hexane:methanol system, was identified in all the three resistant populations. This is the first report of metabolic resistance to trifluralin. Coevolution of target-site and nontarget-site resistance to trifluralin is occurring, and metabolic resistance is not rare in L. rigidum populations in Australia. A method was established for trifluralin metabolic resistance detection, overcoming the difficulties of quantifying this highly volatile herbicide by chromatographic methods.
澳大利亚一年生黑麦草（Lolium rigidum）种群对芽前除草剂氟乐灵的抗性正在增加。从澳大利亚谷物田中采集的三个一年生黑麦草种群（R1、R2 和 R3）被鉴定具有氟乐灵抗性。研究了靶标和非靶标抗性机制。在种群 R1 和 R3 中未检测到靶标α-微管蛋白突变，而在 R2 中发现了 Arg-243-Lys 突变。与三个氟乐灵敏感种群相比，在所有三个抗性种群中，通过测量[C]标记在己烷：甲醇系统的极性相中的分配量，鉴定出增强的[C]氟乐灵代谢。这是首次报道氟乐灵代谢抗性。靶标和非靶标对氟乐灵的协同抗性正在发生，代谢抗性在澳大利亚的一年生黑麦草种群中并不罕见。建立了氟乐灵代谢抗性检测方法，克服了用色谱方法定量分析这种高挥发性除草剂的困难。
