Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2020 May;50(5):543-557. doi: 10.1111/cea.13588. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
Conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), based on administrations of allergen extracts, represents up to now the unique protocol for the desensitization of allergic patients. Whereas the effectiveness of AIT was evidenced for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, such strategy remains experimental for food allergies up to now. However, important issues are commonly associated with AIT as the quality of natural allergen extracts, the long duration and adverse side-effects which negatively affect successful desensitization together with the patient compliance. The rapid progression of molecular allergology made possible the quest of safer, shorter and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches. The aim of this review was to provide an update on these different innovative recombinant derivatives including their efficacy but also their limitations. Despite promising preclinical and early clinical studies, the absence of convincing data in large phase III trials precludes so far the translation of these immunotherapeutic candidates into the clinic.
传统的过敏原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）基于过敏原提取物的给药，迄今为止是过敏患者脱敏的唯一方案。尽管 AIT 在治疗过敏性鼻炎和过敏性哮喘方面的有效性已得到证实，但到目前为止，这种策略对于食物过敏仍然是实验性的。然而，与 AIT 相关的重要问题通常包括天然过敏原提取物的质量、长期和不良反应，这些都会对成功脱敏和患者依从性产生负面影响。分子过敏学的快速发展使得寻求更安全、更短、更有效的免疫治疗方法成为可能。本综述的目的是提供对这些不同的创新重组衍生物的最新信息，包括它们的疗效和局限性。尽管有有前途的临床前和早期临床研究，但在大型 III 期试验中缺乏令人信服的数据，迄今为止，这些免疫治疗候选物尚未转化为临床应用。
