De Carli Marco, Capezzali Eleonora, Tonon Silvia, Frossi Barbara
Second Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Front Allergy. 2023 Aug 1;4:1217388. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1217388. eCollection 2023.
Allergic rhinitis is a common upper airway disease caused by hypersensitivity to various aeroallergens. It causes increased inflammation throughout the body and may be complicated by other otolaryngological pathologies such as chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis, nasal polyposis, and serous otitis media. Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated disease and immunotherapy can be a possible approach for patients to limit the use of antihistamines and corticosteroids. There is evidence that allergen immunotherapy can prevent the development of new sensitizations and reduce the risk of later development of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis. However, some patients do not benefit from this approach and the efficacy of immunotherapy in reducing the severity and relapse of symptoms is still a matter of debate. This review highlights new aspects of allergic rhinitis with a particular focus on the impact of sexual dimorphism on the disease manifestation and efficacy to the allergen specific immunotherapy.
变应性鼻炎是一种常见的上呼吸道疾病，由对各种气传变应原的超敏反应引起。它会导致全身炎症增加，并可能并发其他耳鼻喉科疾病，如慢性增生性嗜酸性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉和浆液性中耳炎。变应性鼻炎是一种IgE介导的疾病，免疫疗法可能是患者限制使用抗组胺药和皮质类固醇的一种方法。有证据表明，变应原免疫疗法可以预防新的致敏反应的发生，并降低变应性鼻炎患者日后患哮喘的风险。然而，一些患者并未从这种方法中获益，免疫疗法在减轻症状严重程度和复发方面的疗效仍存在争议。本综述重点介绍了变应性鼻炎的新方面，特别关注性别差异对疾病表现和变应原特异性免疫疗法疗效的影响。
