Biguer B, Donaldson I M, Hein A, Jeannerod M
Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie Expérimentale, INSERM Unité 94, Bron, France.
Brain. 1988 Dec;111 ( Pt 6):1405-24. doi: 10.1093/brain/111.6.1405.
The retinal coordinates of an image are normally insufficient to define the direction of an object in body-centred visual space. Gaze direction, specified by information on the position of eye-in-head and on the position of head-on-torso, is also required. While the source of the eye-in-head signal is controversial, it is clear that proprioceptive signals from neck muscles are sufficient to provide head-on-torso information. Observations by Goodwin et al., beginning in 1972, that vibration of limb muscles modifies proprioception from them, and induces illusory motion and false perception of limb position, suggested this study of the effects of neck muscle vibration on the representation of visual space. Verbal reports, supported by objective measures, revealed that vibration of muscles on one side of the neck induces a visual illusion: contralateral displacement of a small visual target viewed in the dark. Pointing movements towards the target are similarly affected, confirming that the representation of directions in visual space is modified by neck muscle vibration. A second vibration-induced illusion was uncovered when apparent displacement ceased. This is an illusion of pure target motion in the same direction as the previously observed displacement. The magnitudes of both the displacement and pure motion illusions were dependent on vibration amplitude and were unrelated to real or apparent movements of eyes or head. Taken together these observations indicate that vibration of neck muscles can modify independently (1) the central representation of the instantaneous direction of gaze and (2) the signal of the velocity with which this direction is changing.
图像的视网膜坐标通常不足以定义以身体为中心的视觉空间中物体的方向。还需要由头部内眼睛位置和躯干上头部位置的信息所指定的注视方向。虽然头部内眼睛信号的来源存在争议，但很明显，来自颈部肌肉的本体感觉信号足以提供躯干上头部的信息。古德温等人从1972年开始的观察表明，肢体肌肉的振动会改变来自这些肌肉的本体感觉，并诱发肢体运动幻觉和对肢体位置的错误感知，这促使了对颈部肌肉振动对视觉空间表征影响的这项研究。客观测量支持的口头报告显示，颈部一侧肌肉的振动会诱发一种视觉错觉：在黑暗中观察到的小视觉目标的对侧位移。指向目标的动作也受到类似影响，证实视觉空间中方向的表征会因颈部肌肉振动而改变。当明显的位移停止时，发现了第二种由振动诱发的错觉。这是一种与先前观察到的位移方向相同的纯目标运动错觉。位移错觉和纯运动错觉的大小都取决于振动幅度，并且与眼睛或头部的真实或明显运动无关。综合这些观察结果表明，颈部肌肉的振动可以独立改变：（1）注视瞬时方向的中枢表征；（2）该方向变化速度的信号。
