Maksimycheva T Yu, Kondratyeva E I, Sorvacheva T N, Pyrieva E A, Evdokimova T A
Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125993, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2020;89(1):28-36. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10003. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
The high incidence of nutritional deficiency in cystic fibrosis continues to be an urgent problem in pediatrics. This is due to the multifactorial nature of these violations, one of which is the lack of effectiveness of nutritional correction. The aim of the research was to assess the actual diet of children and adolescents suffering from cystic fibrosis in order to develop an algorithm for individual approaches to correcting nutritional status.
150 children (boys - 85, girls - 65) aged 1 year to 18 years (average age 6.4±5.2 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis have been examined. Depending on age, the children were divided into groups: the 1st group consisted of 40 children from 1 year to 2 years (average age 1.9±0.7 years); 2nd group - from 3 to 5 years (n=41, 4.4±1.0 years); 3rd group - from 6 to 9 years (n=43, 7.7±1.1 years); 4th group - from 10 to 18 years old (n=26, 13.1±2.5). The actual nutrition was evaluated by questionnaire for 3 days, including one day off. Body mass, height have been measured, and body mass index (BMI) have been calculated.
Only children of the first three years of life had an optimal diet for this disease in terms of energy value. At the age of 3 years and older, the deficit of energy intake increased, reaching 32% of the individual requirement in adolescence (10-18 years). The structure of nutrition revealed an imbalance of the main nutrients in the direction of the predominance of the lipid component (more than 40% of the energy value) and increased intake of saturated fatty acids, with a reduced proportion of protein and carbohydrates. There was a lack of dietary intake of a number of vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, E, D) and mineral substances (iron, potassium).
The study showed the need for an individual approach to the correction of diet energy value and macronutrient intake in children with cystic fibrosis.
囊性纤维化患者中营养缺乏的高发生率仍是儿科学中的一个紧迫问题。这归因于这些营养缺乏问题具有多因素性质，其中之一是营养纠正效果不佳。本研究的目的是评估患有囊性纤维化的儿童和青少年的实际饮食情况，以便制定针对个体营养状况纠正的算法。
对150名确诊为囊性纤维化的儿童（男孩85名，女孩65名）进行了检查，年龄在1岁至18岁之间（平均年龄6.4±5.2岁）。根据年龄，将儿童分为几组：第一组由40名1岁至2岁的儿童组成（平均年龄1.9±0.7岁）；第二组为3至5岁（n = 41，4.4±1.0岁）；第三组为6至9岁（n = 43，7.7±1.1岁）；第四组为10至18岁（n = 26，13.1±2.5岁）。通过问卷调查3天（包括一天休息日）来评估实际营养情况。测量了体重、身高，并计算了体重指数（BMI）。
仅1至3岁的儿童在能量值方面对该疾病有最佳饮食。3岁及以上时，能量摄入不足增加，在青少年期（10至18岁）达到个体需求量的32%。营养结构显示主要营养素失衡，脂质成分占主导（超过能量值的40%），饱和脂肪酸摄入量增加，而蛋白质和碳水化合物比例降低。多种维生素（C、B1、B2、A、E、D）和矿物质（铁、钾）的膳食摄入量不足。
该研究表明，对于患有囊性纤维化的儿童，需要采取个体化方法来纠正饮食能量值和常量营养素摄入量。
