Idevall-Hagren Olof, Tengholm Anders
Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jul;103:20-30. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.01.008. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
The cytoplasmic Ca concentration ([Ca]) regulates a vast number of cellular functions, including insulin secretion from beta cells. The major physiological insulin secretagogue, glucose, triggers [Ca] oscillations in beta cells. Synchronization of the oscillations among the beta cells within an islet underlies the generation of pulsatile insulin secretion. This review describes the mechanisms generating [Ca] oscillations, the interactions between [Ca] and cell metabolism, as well as the contribution of various organelles to the shaping of [Ca] signals and insulin secretion. It also discusses how Ca signals are coordinated and spread throughout the islets and data indicating that altered Ca signaling is associated with beta cell dysfunction and development of type 2 diabetes.
细胞质钙离子浓度（[Ca]）调节着大量细胞功能，包括β细胞分泌胰岛素。主要的生理性胰岛素促分泌剂葡萄糖可触发β细胞内的[Ca]振荡。胰岛内β细胞间振荡的同步化是脉动性胰岛素分泌产生的基础。本综述描述了产生[Ca]振荡的机制、[Ca]与细胞代谢之间的相互作用，以及各种细胞器对[Ca]信号形成和胰岛素分泌的作用。还讨论了钙信号如何在整个胰岛中协调和传播，以及表明钙信号改变与β细胞功能障碍和2型糖尿病发生相关的数据。
