Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071, Tianjin, China.
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, 300071, Tianjin, China; Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u. 13, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2020 Jan;54:100914. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.100914. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
The ovipositor morphology of Trichophora (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is revisited. Skeletomuscular structure of the ovipositor of selected species and outgroups is documented. Homologies of the structures are established, different homology hypotheses of previous authors are discussed and rejected. The groundplan of the trichophoran ovipositor is reconstructed, apomorphic conditions of each part of the ovipositor are documented. A standard nomenclature is proposed for muscles associated with the ovipositor and extrinsic muscles of the female inner ectodermal genital tracts. Character transformations of the ovipositor are reconstructed via cladistic analysis. The concepts of "lanceolate ovipositor" and "plate-like ovipositor", frequently used in the literature, are discussed; it is concluded that no unambiguous definition of them is possible on a morphological basis, these terms refer merely to evolutionary grades rather than strictly distinct character states. "Plate-like ovipositors" evolved at least four times within Trichophora; they exhibit considerable differences among and within these clades. It is demonstrated that the "M- or W-shaped sclerites" of Pyrrhocoridae and Urostylididae are not homologous: in Pyrrhocoridae they are expansions of the mesal face of the posterior portion of valvifers IX, whilst the superficially similar structures in Urostylididae are infoldings of the ventral rim of the mesal portion of laterotergites IX.
重新审视了 Trichophora（半翅目：异翅目）的产卵器形态。记录了选定物种和外群的产卵器的骨骼肌肉结构。建立了结构的同源性，讨论并拒绝了以前作者的不同同源假说。重建了 Trichophora 产卵器的基础模式，并记录了产卵器各部分的特化条件。提出了与产卵器相关的肌肉和雌性内表皮生殖器外肌的标准命名法。通过分支分析重建了产卵器的特征转化。讨论了文献中经常使用的“矛状产卵器”和“板状产卵器”的概念；结论是，基于形态学不可能对它们进行明确的定义，这些术语仅指进化等级，而不是严格不同的特征状态。“板状产卵器”在 Trichophora 中至少进化了四次；它们在这些进化枝内和之间表现出相当大的差异。证明 Pyrrhocoridae 和 Urostylididae 的“M 或 W 形硬骨”不是同源的：在 Pyrrhocoridae 中，它们是 valvifers IX 后部分的中面的扩展，而 Urostylididae 中表面相似的结构是 laterotergites IX 的中面部分的腹缘内陷。
