Iqbal Nusrat, Kumar Natish, Saini Mahesh Kumar, Dubey Saurabh, Agrawal Amrish, Kumar Jitendra
Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizer, Govt. of India Sec-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram, 122016, Haryana, India.
Heliyon. 2020 Feb 15;6(2):e03380. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03380. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Neem based formulations conventionally being used as dustable powders, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates etc for controlling insects and mosquitoes. These formulations are prepared by mechanical mixing or low shear mixing processes. Among these formulations solvent based EC formulation is more common in use, though it have many drawbacks like phyto-toxicity, flammability, environmental contamination and dermal toxicity. Along with these drawbacks stability of the active ingredient is the most concerned problem, as the active ingredients are unstable in solvent based formulations. Neem oil based oil in water emulsion formulation (EW) formulation may be a safer alternative to EC formulation. In the present study, composition and process technology involved in Neem EW formulations were optimized. Different types of the EW formulation has already been formulated, but no investigations were made to prove the influence of high shear mixing, turbulence flow, time duration on the stability of formulation and its bio-efficacy. The main objective of the study is to determine the effect of turbulence stirring duration on droplet size and emulsion stability. The 60 min turbulence flow mixing at 3600 rpm decreased the particle size from 6.7 to 1.2μm. The prepared formulation stability was further confirmed by different analytical techniques like HPLC and FTIR. The 60 min high shear turbulence stirring enhanced the bio-efficacy in terms of 99 % mortality after 24 h at concentration of 500 ppm of 10 EW.
传统上，基于印楝的制剂被用作可撒粉、可湿性粉剂、乳油等，用于控制昆虫和蚊子。这些制剂是通过机械混合或低剪切混合工艺制备的。在这些制剂中，溶剂型乳油制剂使用更为普遍，尽管它有许多缺点，如植物毒性、易燃性、环境污染和皮肤毒性。除了这些缺点外，活性成分的稳定性是最令人担忧的问题，因为活性成分在溶剂型制剂中不稳定。基于印楝油的水包油乳液制剂（EW）可能是乳油制剂的一种更安全的替代品。在本研究中，对印楝EW制剂所涉及的组成和工艺技术进行了优化。已经配制了不同类型的EW制剂，但尚未进行研究来证明高剪切混合、湍流、持续时间对制剂稳定性及其生物功效的影响。该研究的主要目的是确定湍流搅拌持续时间对液滴大小和乳液稳定性的影响。在3600转/分钟下进行60分钟的湍流混合，可使粒径从6.7微米降至1.2微米。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）等不同分析技术进一步证实了所制备制剂的稳定性。在浓度为500 ppm的10 EW下，60分钟的高剪切湍流搅拌在24小时后使生物功效提高到99%的死亡率。
