Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Mar 17;54(6):3628-3635. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06843. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Ion intercalation electrodes are being investigated for use in mixed capacitive deionization (CDI) and battery electrode deionization (BDI) systems because they can achieve selective ion removal and low energy deionization. To improve the thermodynamic energy efficiency (TEE) of these systems, flow-through electrodes were developed by coating porous carbon felt electrodes with a copper hexacyanoferrate composite mixture. The TEE for ion separation using flow-through electrodes was compared to a system using flow-by electrodes with the same materials. The flow-through BDI system increased the recoverable energy nearly 3-fold (0.009 kWh m, compared to a 0.003 kWh m), which increased the TEE from ∼6% to 8% (NaCl concentration reduction from 50 to 42 mM; 10 A m, 50% water recovery, and 0.5 mL min). The TEE was further increased to 12% by decreasing the flow rate from 0.50 to 0.25 mL min. These findings suggest that, under similar operational conditions and materials, flow-through battery electrodes could achieve better energy recovery and TEE for desalination than flow-by electrodes.
离子插层电极因其能够实现选择性离子去除和低能耗脱盐而被用于混合电容去离子 (CDI) 和电池电极去离子 (BDI) 系统中。为了提高这些系统的热力学能量效率 (TEE)，通过在多孔碳纤维毡电极上涂覆铜六氰合铁酸盐复合材料混合物来开发了流通式电极。与使用相同材料的流通式电极系统相比，使用流通式电极的离子分离的 TEE 得到了提高。流通式 BDI 系统使可回收能量增加了近 3 倍（0.009 kWh m，相比之下，0.003 kWh m），从而将 TEE 从约 6%提高到 8%（NaCl 浓度从 50 降低到 42 mM；10 A m，50%水回收率和 0.5 mL min）。通过将流速从 0.50 降低到 0.25 mL min，TEE 进一步提高到 12%。这些发现表明，在类似的操作条件和材料下，流通式电池电极可以实现比流通式电极更好的能量回收和 TEE 用于脱盐。
