Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Feb 19;18(2):123. doi: 10.3390/md18020123.
Structure-based tissue engineering requires large-scale 3D cell/tissue manufacture technologies, to produce biologically active scaffolds. Special attention is currently paid to naturally pre-designed scaffolds found in skeletons of marine sponges, which represent a renewable resource of biomaterials. Here, an innovative approach to the production of mineralized scaffolds of natural origin is proposed. For the first time, a method to obtain calcium carbonate deposition ex vivo, using living mollusks hemolymph and a marine-sponge-derived template, is specifically described. For this purpose, the marine sponge and the terrestrial snail were selected as appropriate 3D chitinous scaffold and as hemolymph donor, respectively. The formation of calcium-based phase on the surface of chitinous matrix after its immersion into hemolymph was confirmed by Alizarin Red staining. A direct role of mollusks hemocytes is proposed in the creation of fine-tuned microenvironment necessary for calcification ex vivo. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample showed a high CaCO amorphous content. Raman spectroscopy evidenced also a crystalline component, with spectra corresponding to biogenic calcite. This study resulted in the development of a new biomimetic product based on ex vivo synthetized ACC and calcite tightly bound to the surface of 3D sponge chitin structure.
基于结构的组织工程需要大规模的 3D 细胞/组织制造技术，以生产具有生物活性的支架。目前特别关注的是在海洋海绵骨骼中发现的天然预先设计的支架，这些支架是生物材料的可再生资源。在这里，提出了一种生产天然来源矿化支架的创新方法。本文首次详细描述了一种使用活体软体动物血淋巴和海绵衍生模板在体外获得碳酸钙沉积的方法。为此，选择海洋海绵和陆生蜗牛分别作为合适的 3D 几丁质支架和血淋巴供体。将几丁质基质浸入血淋巴后，表面上形成基于钙的相，通过茜素红染色得到证实。提出了软体动物血细胞在体外钙化所需的精细微调微环境的创建中起直接作用。样品的 X 射线衍射图谱显示出高 CaCO 无定形含量。拉曼光谱也证明了存在结晶成分，其光谱与生物方解石相对应。这项研究导致了基于体外合成的 ACC 和紧密结合到 3D 海绵几丁质结构表面的方解石的新型仿生产品的开发。
