Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Clinical Health Sciences Malmö, Primary Care, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, S-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 19;17(4):1342. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041342.
The world of sports has a complex association to problem gambling, and the sparse research examining problem gambling in athletes has suggested an increased prevalence and particularly high male predominance. The present study aimed to study frequency and correlates of problem gambling in populations with moderate to high involvement in fitness or physical exercise. This is a self-selective online survey focusing on addictive behaviors in physical exercise distributed by 'fitness influencers' on social media and other online fitness forums to their followers. Respondents were included if they reported exercise at least thrice weekly, were above 15 years of age, and provided informed consent (N = 3088). Problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet, was studied in association with demographic data, substance use, and mental health variables. The occurrence of lifetime problem gambling was 8 percent (12 percent in men, one percent in women). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male gender, younger age, risky alcohol drinking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and less frequent exercise habits. In conclusion, in this self-recruited population with moderate to high fitness involvement, problem gambling was moderately elevated. As shown previously in elite athletes, the male predominance was larger than in the general population. The findings strengthen the link between problem gambling and the world of sports.
运动世界与赌博问题有着复杂的联系，对运动员赌博问题的研究很少，表明该问题的普遍性有所增加，尤其是男性更为突出。本研究旨在研究在中度至高度参与健身或体育锻炼的人群中，赌博问题的发生频率和相关因素。这是一项自我选择的在线调查，重点关注社交媒体上的“健身影响者”及其在其他在线健身论坛上的追随者的体育锻炼中的成瘾行为。如果参与者每周至少锻炼三次，年龄在 15 岁以上，并提供知情同意（N=3088），则将其纳入研究。使用 Lie/Bet 量表测量赌博问题，并将其与人口统计学数据、物质使用和心理健康变量相关联。终身赌博问题的发生率为 8%（男性为 12%，女性为 1%）。在逻辑回归中，赌博问题与男性性别、年轻、危险饮酒、强迫症和较少的锻炼习惯有关。总之，在这个自我招募的中度至高度参与健身的人群中，赌博问题处于中等偏高水平。与精英运动员中显示的情况一样，男性的优势比一般人群更大。这些发现加强了赌博问题与运动世界之间的联系。
