Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
BMC Pediatr. 2020 Feb 24;20(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-1971-z.
Cow's milk (CM) is the main food allergen for toddlers and infants. Presently, studies on CM specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) sensitization and positive distribution of CM components ALA-, CAS-, and BLG-sIgE are lacking in infants with respiratory allergic diseases, especially in southern China. This study therefore aimed to investigate the distribution of CM sensitization and the relation between its components α-lactalbumin (ALA), β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and casein (CAS) sIgE in children with respiratory allergic diseases in southern China.
A total of 1839 children (≤12 years) with respiratory diseases and detected CM-sIgE levels were included. Serum samples were collected from the Respiratory Diseases Bioresources Center of the National Center for Respiratory Diseases in southern China from August 2012 to July 2017. ALA-, BLG-, and CAS-sIgE were detected and questionnaires were completed in 103 children.
A total of 36.7% children were positive for CM-sIgE. CM-sIgE levels were higher in asthmatic bronchitis (AB) group than in other allergic respiratory disease groups (all P < 0.05). Among the 103 CM-sIgE-sensitized children, 64.08% had a history of family allergies. There were 84.47% of the children who tested positive for two or more sIgE components. The average ALA-, BLG-, and CAS-sIgE levels were 1.91 kU/L, 1.81 kU/L, and 0.62 kU/L, respectively. The CM-sIgE level showed a correlation with BLG-sIgE (r = 0.833), ALA-sIgE (r = 0.816), and CAS-sIgE (r = 0.573) levels (all p < 0.001).
In southern China, CM-sIgE levels were higher in children with AB than in those with other respiratory allergic diseases. ALA and BLG were the main allergenic components detected in CM-sIgE-sensitized children with respiratory allergic diseases.
牛奶（CM）是幼儿和婴儿的主要食物过敏原。目前，关于牛奶特异性免疫球蛋白 E（sIgE）致敏和 CM 成分 α-乳白蛋白（ALA）、β-乳球蛋白（BLG）和酪蛋白（CAS）sIgE 阳性分布的研究在患有呼吸道过敏性疾病的婴儿中，特别是在中国南方，尚属空白。因此，本研究旨在探讨中国南方呼吸道过敏性疾病患儿 CM 致敏的分布情况及其与 CM 成分 ALA、BLG 和 CAS-sIgE 的关系。
共纳入 1839 名（≤12 岁）患有呼吸道疾病且 CM-sIgE 水平升高的儿童。血清样本来自中国南方国家呼吸疾病中心呼吸疾病生物资源中心，采集时间为 2012 年 8 月至 2017 年 7 月。检测 ALA、BLG 和 CAS-sIgE，并在 103 名儿童中完成问卷调查。
共有 36.7%的儿童对 CM-sIgE 呈阳性。支气管哮喘（AB）组的 CM-sIgE 水平高于其他过敏性呼吸道疾病组（均 P<0.05）。在 103 名 CM-sIgE 致敏的儿童中，有 64.08%有家族过敏史。有 84.47%的儿童检测到两种或两种以上 sIgE 成分阳性。ALA、BLG 和 CAS-sIgE 的平均水平分别为 1.91 kU/L、1.81 kU/L 和 0.62 kU/L。CM-sIgE 水平与 BLG-sIgE（r=0.833）、ALA-sIgE（r=0.816）和 CAS-sIgE（r=0.573）水平呈正相关（均 P<0.001）。
在中国南方，AB 组儿童的 CM-sIgE 水平高于其他呼吸道过敏性疾病组。ALA 和 BLG 是呼吸道过敏性疾病儿童 CM-sIgE 致敏的主要过敏原成分。
