School of Public Health, The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, People's Republic of China.
School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Zhejiang Province, 311402, People's Republic of China.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Feb 24;20(1):268. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-8341-5.
Many studies focused on health inequality between migrant older adults and local older adults, while few study concerned the health inequalities between urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban migrant older adults. This study aimed to compare physical health and mental health between these two groups in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, and to explore the relationship between cognitive social capital, social integration and health among migrant older adults.
A two-stage stratified sampling method was employed to recruit participants from May to August 2013 in Hangzhou. Measurement data were compared with student's t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Multiple linear regression was adopted in this study.
A total of 1000 of participants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, consisting of 527 (52.7%) urban-to-urban and 473 (47.3%) rural-to-urban migrant older adults. There were no statistically significant difference in physical health and mental health between urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban groups on the whole. However, urban-to-urban migrant older adults had a higher reciprocity and social integration than did in rural-to-urban group (13.36 vs. 12.50, p < 0.01; 40.07 vs. 38.50, p < 0.01). And both of cognitive social capital and social integration were positively related to physical health (social reciprocity: t = 6.69, p < 0.01; social trust: t = 3.27, p < 0.01; social integration: t = 5.66, p < 0.01) and mental health (social reciprocity: t = 4.49, p < 0.01; social trust: t = 5.15, p < 0.01; social integration: t = 10.02, p < 0.01). Overall, the female, widowed, and the oldest among migrant older adults had a worse health.
Social capital and social integration were played important roles in health of migrant older adults. The female rural-to-urban migrant older adults, those aged over 70 years, and older adults who were not in marriage should be especially concerned in health policy making.
许多研究关注移民老年人与本地老年人之间的健康不平等，而很少有研究关注城市间和农村间移民老年人之间的健康不平等。本研究旨在比较浙江省杭州市这两类移民老年人的身体健康和心理健康，并探讨认知社会资本、社会融合与移民老年人健康之间的关系。
采用两阶段分层抽样方法，于 2013 年 5 月至 8 月在杭州招募参与者。采用学生 t 检验和多元方差分析（MANOVA）比较测量数据。本研究采用多元线性回归。
共纳入符合条件的 1000 名参与者，其中 527 名（52.7%）为城市间移民老年人，473 名（47.3%）为农村间移民老年人。总体而言，城市间和农村间移民老年人在身体健康和心理健康方面无统计学差异。然而，城市间移民老年人的互惠和社会融合程度高于农村间移民老年人（13.36 比 12.50，p<0.01；40.07 比 38.50，p<0.01）。认知社会资本和社会融合均与身体健康（社会互惠：t=6.69，p<0.01；社会信任：t=3.27，p<0.01；社会融合：t=5.66，p<0.01）和心理健康（社会互惠：t=4.49，p<0.01；社会信任：t=5.15，p<0.01；社会融合：t=10.02，p<0.01）呈正相关。总体而言，女性、丧偶和移民老年人中年龄最大者的健康状况较差。
社会资本和社会融合在移民老年人的健康中起着重要作用。农村间女性移民老年人、年龄在 70 岁以上的老年人和未婚老年人应在制定健康政策时特别关注。
