Raymond-Flesch Marissa, Auerswald Colette, McGlone Linda, Comfort Megan, Minnis Alexandra
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
School of Public Health, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, 570 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Feb 8;17(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4110-5.
Latino youth, particularly in rural settings, experience significant disparities in rates of teen pregnancy and violence. Few data are available regarding social and structural influences on Latino youth's developmental trajectories, specifically on factors that promote wellbeing and protect them from engagement in high-risk sexual and violence-related behaviors.
Forty-two youth aged 13 to 19 years old were recruited from middle schools and youth leadership programs to participate in one of eight community-based focus groups in Salinas, a predominantly Latino, urban center in California's rural central coast. Focus groups covered youths' experiences with the risk and protective factors associated with exposure to violence and romantic relationships. Four researchers completed coding with a Grounded Theory approach, informed by the theoretical frameworks of the social ecological model and social capital. The study's design and participant recruitment were informed by a community advisory board of local youth-serving organizations and health care providers.
Participants described family lives rich in bonding social capital, with strong ties to parents and near-peer family members. They reported that while parents had a strong desire to promote healthful behaviors and social mobility, they often lacked the bridging or linking social capital required to help youth navigate structural systems, such as college applications and access to confidential health care. Youth also reported that some families link their children to negative social capital, such as exposure to gang affiliation.
Adolescents in this agricultural community identified robust sources of bonding social capital within their families. However, they identified limitations in their families' capacities to link them to structural resources in education, employment, and health care that could support healthful behaviors and upward social mobility.
拉丁裔青少年，尤其是农村地区的青少年，在青少年怀孕率和暴力发生率方面存在显著差异。关于社会和结构因素对拉丁裔青少年发展轨迹的影响，特别是对促进健康和保护他们避免参与高风险性行为及与暴力相关行为的因素，可用数据很少。
从中学和青少年领导力项目中招募了42名年龄在13至19岁之间的青少年，参与在萨利纳斯举行的八个社区焦点小组之一，萨利纳斯是加利福尼亚州农村中部海岸一个以拉丁裔为主的城市中心。焦点小组讨论了青少年在与暴力暴露和恋爱关系相关的风险和保护因素方面的经历。四名研究人员采用扎根理论方法进行编码，以社会生态模型和社会资本的理论框架为指导。该研究的设计和参与者招募由当地青少年服务组织和医疗保健提供者组成的社区咨询委员会提供信息。
参与者描述了家庭生活中丰富的联系型社会资本，与父母和近邻家庭成员关系紧密。他们报告说，虽然父母强烈希望促进健康行为和社会流动，但他们往往缺乏帮助青少年应对结构系统所需的桥梁型或连接型社会资本，如大学申请和获得保密医疗保健服务。青少年还报告说，一些家庭将他们的孩子与负面社会资本联系起来，比如接触帮派关系。
这个农业社区的青少年在家庭中发现了强大的联系型社会资本来源。然而，他们发现家庭在将他们与教育、就业和医疗保健方面的结构资源联系起来的能力存在局限性，而这些资源可以支持健康行为和向上的社会流动。
