Omatola Cornelius Arome, Onoja Bernard Anyebe, Agama Joseph
Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Anyigba P. M. B. 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Department of Virology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
J Trop Med. 2020 Feb 11;2020:5136785. doi: 10.1155/2020/5136785. eCollection 2020.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has become a significant public health problem in developing countries, and the high rate of morbidity and mortality from acute and chronic infections is worrisome. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of HBV and associated risk factors in Ankpa, Kogi State, Nigeria. . Sera randomly collected from 200 participants in three public hospitals in Ankpa were screened for HBsAg using commercially available HBsAg rapid test kit (Swe-Care (R), China). Structured questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic details and history of exposure to risk factors.
Seventeen (8.5%) of the 200 patients were positive for HBsAg. Males had higher prevalence (10.89%) than females (6.06%). The age group with the highest rate of infection was 24-44 years. Patient's occupation and marital status were significantly higher in relation to HBsAg seropositivity. Risks of HBV infection in Ankpa are sharing of sharp objects (OR = 11.62, 95% CI, 3.59-37.59), multiple sexual partners (OR = 3.39, 95% CI, 1.23-9.38), blood transfusion (OR = 13.74, 95% CI, 4.22-44.71), surgeries (OR = 3.02, 95% CI, 1.03-8.83), alcoholism (OR = 6.94, 95% CI, 2.32-20.75), mouth-to-mouth kissing (=0.001), and contact with HBV patient (OR = 4.14, 95% CI, 1.01-17.06). People without prior knowledge of HBV infection were more infected.
This study reaffirms the endemicity of HBV in a part of sub-Saharan African country. Public health practitioners should focus attention on apparently healthy patients in developing countries. We suggest inclusion of HBsAg screening for patients coming for routine hospital care.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染已成为发展中国家一个重大的公共卫生问题，急性和慢性感染导致的高发病率和死亡率令人担忧。因此，本研究确定了尼日利亚科吉州安帕的HBV流行率及相关危险因素。从安帕三家公立医院的200名参与者中随机采集血清，使用市售的HBsAg快速检测试剂盒（中国的Swe-Care (R)）筛查HBsAg。采用结构化问卷获取社会人口学细节和接触危险因素的病史。
200名患者中有17名（8.5%）HBsAg呈阳性。男性患病率（10.89%）高于女性（6.06%）。感染率最高的年龄组为24 - 44岁。患者的职业和婚姻状况与HBsAg血清阳性显著相关。安帕地区HBV感染的风险因素包括共用尖锐物品（OR = 11.62，95% CI，3.59 - 37.59）、多个性伴侣（OR = 3.39，95% CI，1.23 - 9.38）、输血（OR = 13.74，95% CI，4.22 - 44.71）、手术（OR = 3.02，95% CI，1.03 - 8.83）、酗酒（OR = 6.94，95% CI，2.32 - 20.75）、口对口亲吻（OR = 0.001）以及与HBV患者接触（OR = 4.14，95% CI，1.01 - 17.06）。对HBV感染没有先验知识的人感染率更高。
本研究再次证实了HBV在撒哈拉以南非洲部分国家的地方性流行情况。公共卫生从业者应关注发展中国家表面健康的患者。我们建议对前来接受常规医院护理的患者进行HBsAg筛查。
