Rastogi Mansi, Nandal Meenakshi, Khosla Babita
Department of Environmental Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
Heliyon. 2020 Feb 19;6(2):e03343. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03343. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Composting is a natural process that stems through microbial succession, marking the degradation and stabilization of organic matter present in waste. The use of microbial additives during composting is considered highly efficient, likely to enhance the production of different enzymes resulting in better rate of waste degradation. In lesser developed countries, composting has emerged as a vital technology to recycle the biodegradable waste while generating a useful product. Depending on the composition of the waste material, it can either directly undergo composting or homogenized prior to secondary waste treatment methods such as landfilling. However, a relatively expensive downstream handling all along is a main hurdle towards economics of the process. Although basic methodology and recent approaches are known in crucial aspects of the process through various reviews, exploring the behavior of effective microbial additives will be resourceful. In this review, to fill in the gap, studies related to microbial composting of municipal solid and food waste were acknowledged. Here in, factors that could slow down the composting process and affect the compost quality were addressed. Lastly, the review pictured a positive simulation and stated how excellent results, can be achieved by microbial additives during composting.
堆肥是一个通过微生物演替产生的自然过程，标志着废物中有机物质的降解和稳定。在堆肥过程中使用微生物添加剂被认为是高效的，可能会提高不同酶的产生，从而提高废物降解率。在欠发达国家，堆肥已成为回收可生物降解废物并同时生产有用产品的一项重要技术。根据废料的成分，它可以直接进行堆肥，也可以在诸如填埋等二次废物处理方法之前进行均质化处理。然而，整个过程中相对昂贵的下游处理是该工艺经济性的一个主要障碍。尽管通过各种综述在该过程的关键方面已经了解了基本方法和最新方法，但探索有效微生物添加剂的行为将是有益的。在本综述中，为了填补这一空白，承认了与城市固体和食物垃圾微生物堆肥相关的研究。在此，探讨了可能减缓堆肥过程并影响堆肥质量的因素。最后，该综述进行了积极的模拟，并阐述了在堆肥过程中微生物添加剂如何能够取得优异的效果。
