Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
PCSIR, Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Biodegradation. 2024 Jul;35(4):361-370. doi: 10.1007/s10532-023-10056-z. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
Composting is a process of microbial degradation of organic waste and is commonly applied for waste management. This is a slow process and requires a lot of land and human resources. The present study investigated mechanical augmentation with required microbial culture for composting municipal solid waste (MSW). Thirty isolates were subjected to 16S rDNA PCR amplification and gene sequencing. The isolates' sequencing from the compost samples was processed on BLASTn. Fourteen strains were identified for further experiments. The results divulge that Empedobacter (04), Bacillus (02), Proteus (02), Lactiplantibacillus (01), Klebsiella (01), Citrobacter (01), Brevibacillus (01), E. coli (01) and one unidentified strain were growing during composting. Eleven combinations of bacterial consortium and respective additives were applied for the organic waste decomposition in the next stage, resulting in varied completion periods ranging from 3 to 14 days. Two combinations were completed within 3 days, which are considered ideal combinations for composting. The microbial consortium was significantly diverse, which is a reason for rapid biodegradation. The present study reveals that the technology will be highly feasible for municipal solid waste management in tropical/subtropical countries.
堆肥是一种微生物降解有机废物的过程，通常用于废物管理。这是一个缓慢的过程，需要大量的土地和人力资源。本研究调查了机械增强与堆肥城市固体废物（MSW）所需的微生物培养。对 30 个分离株进行了 16S rDNA PCR 扩增和基因测序。对堆肥样本中的分离株进行了 BLASTn 测序。进一步实验鉴定了 14 株菌。结果表明，在堆肥过程中，有 04 株 Empedobacter、02 株 Bacillus、02 株 Proteus、01 株 Lactiplantibacillus、01 株 Klebsiella、01 株 Citrobacter、01 株 Brevibacillus、01 株 E. coli 和一株未鉴定的菌株生长。在接下来的阶段，将 11 种细菌组合及其各自的添加剂应用于有机废物分解，结果完成时间从 3 天到 14 天不等。有两种组合在 3 天内完成，这被认为是堆肥的理想组合。微生物组合非常多样化，这是快速生物降解的原因。本研究表明，该技术将非常适合热带/亚热带国家的城市固体废物管理。
