Nittrouer S, Munhall K, Kelso J A, Tuller B, Harris K S
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1988 Nov;84(5):1653-61. doi: 10.1121/1.397180.
Work by Tuller and Kelso [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 1030-1036 (1984)] and Kelso et al. [J. Phon. 14, 29-59 (1986)] has demonstrated stable relations between jaw and lip movements in (bV#CVb) utterances across rate and stress conditions. Specifically, the onset of lip movement toward the intervocalic consonant was found to be constant with respect to the vowel-to-vowel jaw cycle in both time and relative phasing. An attempt was made to replicate and extend this work by investigating interarticulator phase relations for utterances having a broader range of linguistic organization: In addition to rate and stress, syllable structure (open versus closed syllables) and identity of the intervocalic consonant (/p/ vs /m/) were manipulated. Results showed that the upper lip's lowering onset varied systematically with respect to the jaw vowel cycle as a function of both rate and stress. In addition, syllable structure and consonant identity influenced the relation of lip and jaw gestures. There was a general tendency for any condition that shortened the first vowel to produce earlier onsets of the upper lip relative to the jaw. However, the within-condition jaw cycle duration variability did not correlate with the within-condition variability in phase. Thus it seems that stable interarticulator phase relations maintain not only the integrity of phonological structure, as suggested by Kelso et al., but structural integrity at other levels of linguistic organization as well.
图勒和凯尔索[《美国声学学会杂志》76, 1030 - 1036 (1984)]以及凯尔索等人[《语音学杂志》14, 29 - 59 (1986)]的研究表明，在(bV#CVb)发音中，无论语速和重音条件如何，下颌运动和唇部运动之间都存在稳定的关系。具体而言，在时间和相对相位方面，人们发现唇部朝着元音间辅音运动的起始点相对于元音到元音的下颌周期而言是恒定的。研究人员试图通过研究具有更广泛语言组织范围的发音的发音器官间相位关系来重复并扩展这项研究：除了语速和重音外，还对音节结构（开音节与闭音节）以及元音间辅音的类型（/p/与/m/）进行了操控。结果表明，上唇下降的起始点随语速和重音的变化而系统地相对于下颌元音周期发生变化。此外，音节结构和辅音类型影响了唇部和下颌动作的关系。一般来说，任何缩短第一个元音的条件都会使上唇相对于下颌更早开始运动。然而，条件内下颌周期持续时间的变异性与条件内相位的变异性并不相关。因此，似乎发音器官间稳定的相位关系不仅像凯尔索等人所指出的那样维持了音系结构的完整性，而且还维持了语言组织其他层面的结构完整性。
