New Isatin-Indole Conjugates: Synthesis, Characterization, and a Plausible Mechanism of Their in vitro Antiproliferative Activity.

BACKGROUND

Cancer remains the leading cause of human morbidity universally. Hence, we sought to assess the in vitro antiproliferative activity of new isatin-based conjugates ( against three human cancer cell lines.

METHODS

The antiproliferative activities of compounds were evaluated in vitro and their ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) was carried out using standard protocols. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential antiproliferative mechanism of compounds .

RESULTS

The in vitro antiproliferative activities of compounds against the tested cancer cell lines ranged from 20.3 to 95.9%. Compound had an IC value of 1.17 µM; thus, its antiproliferative potency was approximately seven-fold greater than that of sunitinib (IC = 8.11 µM). In-depth pharmacological testing was conducted with compound to gain insight into the potential antiproliferative mechanism of this class of compounds. Compound caused an increase in the number of cells in the G1 phase, with a concomitant reduction of those in the G2/M and S phases. Additionally, compound significantly and dose-dependently reduced the amount of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein detected. Compound enhanced expression of B cell translocation gene 1, cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1), and a pro-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2-associated X protein gene), and activated caspase-3. ADME predictions exposed the oral liability of compounds .

CONCLUSION

Herein, we revealed the antiproliferative activity and ADME predictions of the newly-synthesized compounds and provided a detailed insight into the pharmacological profile of compound . Thus, compounds can potentially be exploited as new antiproliferative lead compounds for cancer chemotherapeutic.