Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 May;102(5):1009-1015. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0672.
Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is common among foreign travelers to Thailand. We performed a prospective cohort study to determine the TD incidence among foreign adult travelers to Thailand. We retrieved baseline demographic data, travel plans, and health history on enrolling individuals and collected follow-up questionnaires on days 7, 14, and 28 from the day of arrival. We analyzed data from 349 eligible participants. The mean participants' age was 32.3 years; 55.4% were men. Most of the participants had visited a travel clinic for vaccinations and counseling after arrival in Thailand. The cumulative incidences of the participants developing TD were 14.0% (49/349), 23.5% (82/349), and 33.0% (115/349) at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. The median time to develop TD was 9 days (interquartile range 5-18 days) post-arrival. Of 115 participants with TD, 64.3% (74/115) consulted a physician, 1.7% (2/115) were hospitalized, and 11.3% (13/115) had to change their travel plans. We identified young age, eating street food, and not routinely washing hands after using a toilet as risk factors significantly associated with the incidence of TD using the log-rank test in our survival analysis. Up to one-third of foreign travelers developed diarrhea during the first month, and some cases were severe. Although no highly effective TD prevention method exists, the practice of good personal hygiene and avoidance of food and drinks derived from unsanitary sources are still recommended to reduce the risk of travelers' TD.
旅行者腹泻(TD)在前往泰国的外国旅行者中很常见。我们进行了一项前瞻性队列研究,以确定前往泰国的外国成年旅行者中 TD 的发病率。我们在招募时检索了基本人口统计学数据、旅行计划和健康史,并在抵达后的第 7、14 和 28 天从当天开始收集随访问卷。我们分析了 349 名符合条件的参与者的数据。参与者的平均年龄为 32.3 岁;55.4%为男性。大多数参与者在抵达泰国后都前往旅行诊所接种疫苗和咨询。在第 7、14 和 28 天,参与者出现 TD 的累积发生率分别为 14.0%(49/349)、23.5%(82/349)和 33.0%(115/349)。出现 TD 的中位时间是抵达后第 9 天(四分位距 5-18 天)。在 115 名患有 TD 的参与者中,64.3%(74/115)咨询了医生,1.7%(2/115)住院,11.3%(13/115)不得不改变旅行计划。我们使用生存分析中的对数秩检验确定,年龄较小、食用街头食品以及便后未经常洗手是与 TD 发病率显著相关的危险因素。多达三分之一的外国旅行者在第一个月内出现腹泻,有些情况较为严重。虽然目前尚无非常有效的 TD 预防方法,但仍建议保持良好的个人卫生习惯,避免食用和饮用不卫生的食物和饮料,以降低旅行者腹泻的风险。