Department of Social Work, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan.
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Aggress Behav. 2020 May;46(3):210-219. doi: 10.1002/ab.21882. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
A robust research literature links parental spanking with negative behavioral outcomes for children, however, it remains unclear whether conditions in the community may moderate the associations between spanking and behavior problems in early childhood. In the current study, we examined whether community violence exposure moderated the associations of maternal spanking with externalizing and internalizing behavior problems of young children. The sample used in this study was urban families and their children ages 3-5 (n = 2,472). We used fixed effects regression models, which yield stronger statistical control for baseline behavior problems, selection bias, and omitted variables bias. Mother's spanking was associated with elevated levels of both externalizing (β = .037, p < .001) and internalizing (β = .016, p < .001) behavior problems. Community violence exposure also predicted higher levels of externalizing (β = .071, p < .01) and internalizing (β = .043, p < .05) behavior problems. Community violence exposure did not moderate the associations between maternal spanking and behavior problems. Professionals working with families should promote the use of nonphysical disciplinary practices, regardless of the level of violence and crime in the community in which the family resides.
强有力的研究文献表明，父母打屁股与儿童的负面行为结果有关，然而，目前尚不清楚社区环境是否可以调节打屁股与幼儿行为问题之间的关联。在本研究中，我们检验了社区暴力暴露是否调节了母亲打屁股与幼儿外化和内化行为问题之间的关联。本研究使用的样本是城市家庭及其 3-5 岁的孩子（n=2472）。我们使用固定效应回归模型，该模型对基线行为问题、选择偏差和遗漏变量偏差提供了更强的统计控制。母亲打屁股与更高水平的外化（β=0.037，p<0.001）和内化行为问题（β=0.016，p<0.001）有关。社区暴力暴露也预测了更高水平的外化（β=0.071，p<0.01）和内化（β=0.043，p<0.05）行为问题。社区暴力暴露并没有调节母亲打屁股与行为问题之间的关联。与家庭一起工作的专业人员应提倡使用非身体的纪律措施，而不论家庭所在社区的暴力和犯罪程度如何。
