Coley Rebekah Levine, Kull Melissa A, Carrano Jennifer
Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology.
Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton University.
J Fam Psychol. 2014 Feb;28(1):22-31. doi: 10.1037/a0035272. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
This study assessed prospective, bidirectional associations between maternal endorsement of spanking and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in low-income urban African American and Hispanic (N = 592) families drawn from the Three City Study. Children in sample families were followed from early childhood through middle childhood with 3 sets of interviews and assessments at ages 3, 4, and 9 years. Cross-lagged path analyses tested longitudinal bidirectional associations between parental endorsement of spanking and children's internalizing and externalizing problems, with multigroup comparisons employed to test group differences between race/ethnic groups. African American and Hispanic mothers showed similar endorsements of spanking. Results suggest that associations between spanking endorsement and child functioning were due primarily to parenting effects, with spanking predicting changes in children's behaviors, rather than child evocative effects, with limited evidence of child behaviors predicting changes in parental spanking. Maternal spanking endorsement predicted short-term decreases in children's internalizing problems in early childhood, but over the longer term spanking was associated with increased internalizing and externalizing problems for both African American and Hispanic children in middle childhood among economically disadvantaged families.
本研究评估了来自“三城市研究”的低收入城市非裔美国人和西班牙裔（N = 592）家庭中，母亲对打屁股的认可与儿童内化和外化行为问题之间的前瞻性双向关联。样本家庭中的儿童从幼儿期到童年中期都接受跟踪，在3岁、4岁和9岁时进行了3组访谈和评估。交叉滞后路径分析测试了父母对打屁股的认可与儿童内化和外化问题之间的纵向双向关联，并采用多组比较来测试种族/族裔群体之间的差异。非裔美国人和西班牙裔母亲对打屁股的认可程度相似。结果表明，打屁股认可与儿童功能之间的关联主要归因于养育方式的影响，即打屁股预示着儿童行为的变化，而非儿童的唤起效应，只有有限的证据表明儿童行为预示着父母打屁股行为的变化。母亲对打屁股的认可预示着幼儿期儿童内化问题的短期减少，但从长远来看，在经济弱势家庭中，打屁股与非裔美国人和西班牙裔儿童在童年中期内化和外化问题的增加有关。
