Division of Aquatic Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Sports Performance Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Feb;21(2):158-165. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1736181. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of acute training load changes of elite water polo players on heart rate recovery (HRR) responses after a standardized swimming test. Nine water polo players were tested after a two-day light-load and two-day heavy-load training. Preliminarily, critical swimming speed was calculated. Testing comprised of an intermittent 4 × 100-m swimming separated by 10 s of rest with an intensity corresponding to 85% of their maximum speed previously attained during a 100-m swim test followed immediately by assessment of HRR. Internal training load (ITL) was measured using the rating of perceived exertion and the duration of training sessions. The swimming speed corresponded to 1.43 ± 0.06 m·s and 1.45 ± 0.06 m·s after light-load and heavy-load training, respectively ( = 0.06, = 0.74). ITL was increased in high-load compared to light-load training ( < 0.001, = 11.54). The difference in HR at end of exercise (HR-end) and after 60 s rest and the difference in mean HR during last min of exercise and HR after 60 s rest were higher in light-load training ( < 0.05, = 0.85-1.15). The absolute change in ITL was correlated with the respective change in the percentage change of HR-end at 10 s of recovery (%HRR10s) ( = 0.72, = 0.03). Significant correlation was observed between the percentage change of ITL with the %HRR10s ( = 0.67, = 0.05). We conclude that HRR tracks acute changes in training load. The lower HRR following high-load training likely indicates a blunted parasympathetic re-activation.
本研究旨在探讨精英水球运动员急性训练负荷变化对标准化游泳测试后心率恢复（HRR）反应的影响。9 名水球运动员在两天轻负荷和两天重负荷训练后接受了测试。首先，计算出临界游泳速度。测试包括 4 次 100 米间歇游泳，每次间隔 10 秒休息，强度对应于之前 100 米游泳测试中达到的最大速度的 85%，随后立即评估 HRR。内部训练负荷（ITL）使用感觉用力评分和训练时间来测量。在轻负荷和重负荷训练后，游泳速度分别对应于 1.43 ± 0.06 m·s 和 1.45 ± 0.06 m·s（= 0.06，= 0.74）。与轻负荷训练相比，高负荷训练时 ITL 增加（<0.001，= 11.54）。在轻负荷训练中，运动结束时的心率（HR-end）与 60 秒休息后的心率差异以及最后 1 分钟运动期间的平均 HR 与 60 秒休息后的 HR 差异更大（<0.05，= 0.85-1.15）。ITL 的绝对变化与恢复 10 秒时 HR-end 的百分比变化（%HRR10s）的相应变化呈正相关（= 0.72，= 0.03）。还观察到 ITL 的百分比变化与%HRR10s 之间存在显著相关性（= 0.67，= 0.05）。我们得出结论，HRR 可跟踪训练负荷的急性变化。高负荷训练后 HRR 较低可能表明副交感神经重新激活减弱。
