Sports Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Nov;33(11):3188-3199. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002680.
Botonis, PG, Toubekis, AG, and Platanou, TI. Physiological and tactical on-court demands of water polo. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3188-3199, 2019-The purpose of the present review is to provide a quantification of the specific game's activities performed by elite water polo players and a comprehensive overview of the physiological requirements reflecting physical and tactical on-court demands in water polo. Game analysis demonstrates that various swimming movements occur throughout a match play, although approximately 50% of these are recorded in horizontal body position. The various offensive and defensive tactical actions transiently modify the playing intensity, which overall corresponds to the players' lactate threshold. Even play corresponds to 60% of total game actions, whereas the respective percentage of power-play and counterattacks may exceed 30%. The ability to perform high-intensity activities with short recovery periods is critical for water polo players. Elite water polo players present a high level of aerobic power and endurance as indicated by their maximal oxygen uptake and speed at the lactate threshold. Depending on the positional roles, outfield players are characterized as centers or peripherals. The overall physiological load seems to be similar between players at various positions, despite that centers execute more dynamic body contacts, whereas peripherals more swimming bouts. Despite limitations concerning the experimental setting, the current findings indicate that the incidence of fatigue deteriorates playing intensity and performance. Nonetheless, data from the reviewed studies should be cautiously interpreted because in some of the studies, players' substitutions were not allowed. A high conditioning level is essential for water polo, as it is associated with superior technical and tactical efficacy and lower decline of physical or technical performance within the game.
博托尼斯、PG、图贝克、AG 和普拉塔努、TI。水球的生理和战术场上需求。J 力量与调节研究 33(11)：3188-3199，2019-本综述的目的是定量描述精英水球运动员所进行的特定比赛活动，并全面概述反映水球生理和战术场上需求的生理要求。比赛分析表明，各种游泳动作在整个比赛中发生，尽管其中约 50%的动作记录为水平身体姿势。各种进攻和防守战术动作会暂时改变比赛强度，这与运动员的乳酸阈相对应。即使比赛对应于总比赛动作的 60%，而各自的点球和反击的百分比可能超过 30%。能够进行高强度活动并在短时间内恢复的能力对水球运动员至关重要。优秀的水球运动员表现出较高的有氧能力和耐力，这表明他们的最大摄氧量和乳酸阈速度较高。根据位置角色，外场球员被分为中锋或边锋。尽管中锋执行更多的动态身体接触，而边锋则进行更多的游泳回合，但不同位置的球员整体生理负荷似乎相似。尽管实验设置存在限制，但目前的研究结果表明，疲劳的发生会降低比赛强度和表现。尽管如此，由于在一些研究中不允许球员替换，因此应谨慎解释来自综述研究的数据。高水平的调节能力对于水球至关重要，因为它与更高的技术和战术效果以及比赛中体能或技术表现下降的降低有关。
