Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4400 Osogbo, Nigeria.
Institutsuperiur de Sante Niamey, Nigeria.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2020;21(10):939-947. doi: 10.2174/1389201021666200226100242.
The development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a considerable threat to tuberculosis control programmes in Nigeria. There is an increase in the prevalence of MDR-TB worldwide both among new tuberculosis cases as well as previously-treated ones. There is also a rise in transmission of resistant strains due to an increase in MDR-TB patients largely due to the poor drug compliance and the impact of Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, we intend to determine the extent of MDR-TB among attendees of chest clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MDR-TB among confirmed tuberculosis patients attending chest clinics in Osun-State, Nigeria.
This study was conducted among 207 attendees of chest clinics in Osun-State between June, 2015 and October 15, 2016. Sputum and blood samples of the participants were collected. GeneXpert test was carried out first on the samples for simultaneous identification of MTB and rifampicin resistance. Sputum samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium using N-acetyl-Lcysteine- sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) decontamination method. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) to three first-line drugs was carried out using the proportion DST method.
The prevalence of MTB was found to be 27.5% while the prevalence of MDR-TB from the fifty-seven isolates was 10.5%. Previously treated and new cases had a prevalence of 7.0% and 3.5% MDR-TB, respectively. Seventy (33.8%) participants were positive for HIV infection, out of which twenty-six (12.6%) had co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV. The mono-resistance rates of the three first-line drugs used were: 5.3% and 8.7% for ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH), respectively. No isolate had mono-resistance (0%) to rifampicin (RIF).
This study observed the prevalence of 27.5% MTB and a prevalence of 10.5% MDR-TB among the MTB isolates. The prevalence of TB is high in Osun State. MDR-TB prevalence is higher compared with the national estimate of MDR-TB (5.1%) of 2017. Resistant TB is a threat to national tuberculosis control and it is recommended that all the facilities be equipped to cater to its diagnosis.
耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）的发展对尼日利亚的结核病控制项目构成了重大威胁。新结核病病例和既往治疗病例中，MDR-TB 的患病率在全球范围内均有所增加。由于 MDR-TB 患者药物依从性差以及人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的影响，耐药菌株的传播也有所增加。因此，我们旨在确定尼日利亚奥孙州胸科诊所就诊者中 MDR-TB 的程度。
本研究旨在确定尼日利亚奥孙州胸科诊所就诊的确诊结核病患者中 MDR-TB 的患病率。
本研究于 2015 年 6 月至 2016 年 10 月 15 日期间在奥孙州的 207 名胸科诊所就诊者中进行。采集参与者的痰液和血液样本。首先对样本进行 GeneXpert 检测，以同时鉴定 MTB 和利福平耐药性。使用 N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸-氢氧化钠（NALC-NaOH）去污法对痰液样本进行 Lowenstein-Jensen（L-J）培养基培养。使用比例 DST 法对三种一线药物进行药物敏感性试验（DST）。
MTB 的患病率为 27.5%，而五十七株分离株中 MDR-TB 的患病率为 10.5%。既往治疗和新发病例的 MDR-TB 患病率分别为 7.0%和 3.5%。70 名（33.8%）参与者 HIV 感染阳性，其中 26 名（12.6%）患有结核病和 HIV 合并感染。三种一线药物的单耐药率分别为：乙胺丁醇（EMB）为 5.3%，异烟肼（INH）为 8.7%。没有分离株对利福平（RIF）有单耐药性（0%）。
本研究观察到 MTB 的患病率为 27.5%，MTB 分离株的 MDR-TB 患病率为 10.5%。奥孙州的结核病患病率较高。MDR-TB 的患病率高于 2017 年全国估计的 5.1%。耐药结核病对国家结核病控制构成威胁，建议所有设施都配备设备来满足其诊断需求。
