Gebremariam Guesh, Kiros Mulugeta, Hagos Selemun, Hadush Haftom, Gebremichael Amaha, Gebrekirstos Gebretsadkan, Tesfay Aregawi, Gebrewahid Teumelsan, Berihu Tesfay, Gebremariam Brhane
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Unit of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Axum, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Unit of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Science, Raya University, Maichew, Ethiopia.
Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2024 Jul 1;10(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40794-024-00224-1.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in the developing countries. Moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is challenging. However, there are no organized data on the trends of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to fill the information gap in Central Tigray at St. Mary General Hospital between 2018 and 2023. Data were collected from the GeneXpert™ tuberculosis registration logbooks using standard checklists and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. After performing logistic regression, a p-value < 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Moreover, chi square test for trend was performed to assess the percentage of annual detection of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the study years.
Presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with complete data (n = 3696) were included in the study. The overall prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 11.7%, of which 8.1% were resistant to rifampicin. The study revealed that the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has been increasing, mainly in the recent four years. Likewise, an increase in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed with considerable fluctuations. Age, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and presumptive rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were significantly associated with the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Moreover, pulmonary tuberculosis was more prevalent among participants in the productive-age group.
Although there have been fluctuations, an increasing of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been observed in recent years. Hence, prevention and treatment strategies for tuberculosis should be strengthened to alleviate the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area.
结核病是发展中国家主要的公共卫生问题。此外，耐多药结核病的出现也带来了挑战。然而，在研究区域内，尚无关于肺结核和耐利福平结核分枝杆菌趋势的系统数据。
开展一项回顾性横断面研究，以填补2018年至2023年期间提格雷中部圣玛丽综合医院的信息空白。使用标准清单从GeneXpert™结核病登记日志中收集数据，并使用社会科学统计软件包第22版进行分析。进行逻辑回归后，p值<0.05且对应的95%置信区间被认为具有统计学意义。此外，进行趋势卡方检验以评估研究期间肺结核和耐利福平结核分枝杆菌的年度检测百分比。
研究纳入了具有完整数据的疑似肺结核患者（n = 3696）。肺结核的总体患病率为11.7%，其中8.1%对利福平耐药。研究表明，肺结核发病率一直在上升，主要是在最近四年。同样，耐利福平结核分枝杆菌也有增加，且波动较大。年龄、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染和疑似耐利福平结核分枝杆菌感染与肺结核的存在显著相关。此外，肺结核在生产年龄组参与者中更为普遍。
尽管存在波动，但近年来已观察到肺结核和耐利福平结核分枝杆菌有所增加。因此，应加强结核病的预防和治疗策略，以减轻研究区域内肺结核和耐利福平结核分枝杆菌的负担。
