University of Rome 'Niccolò Cusano', Engineering Department, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Nanotechnology. 2020 Apr 3;31(25):252001. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7a2d. Epub 2020 Feb 26.
In in vivo postsurgery monitoring, the use of wireless biodegradable implantable sensors has gained and is gaining a lot of interest, particularly in cases of monitoring for a short period of time. The employment of biodegradable materials allows the circumvention of secondary surgery for device removal. Additionally, the use of wireless communication for data elaboration avoids the need for transcutaneous wires. As such, it is possible to prevent possible inflammation and infections associated with long-term implants which are not wireless. It is expected that microfabricated biodegradable sensors will have a strong impact in acute or transient biomedical applications. However, the design of such high-performing electronic systems, both fully biodegradable and wireless, is very complex, particularly at small scales. The associated technologies are still in their infancy and should be more deeply and extensively investigated in animal models and, successively, in humans, before being clinically implemented. In this context, the present review aims to provide a complete overview of wireless biodegradable implantable sensors, covering the vital signs to be monitored, the wireless technologies involved, and the biodegradable materials used for the production of the devices, as well as designed devices and their applications. In particular, both their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted, and the key challenges faced, mainly associated with fabrication techniques, and control over degradation kinetics and biocompatibility of the device, are reported and discussed.
在体内手术后监测中，无线可生物降解植入式传感器的使用引起了广泛关注，特别是在短时间监测的情况下。可生物降解材料的应用可以避免因设备移除而进行二次手术。此外，无线通信技术用于数据处理可以避免使用经皮电线。因此，可以防止与长期非无线植入物相关的潜在炎症和感染。预计微制造的可生物降解传感器将在急性或短暂的生物医学应用中产生重大影响。然而，这种高性能电子系统的设计，包括完全可生物降解和无线，非常复杂，特别是在小尺寸方面。相关技术仍处于起步阶段，应该在动物模型中进行更深入和广泛的研究，然后再在人类中进行研究，然后才能在临床上实施。在这种情况下，本综述旨在全面概述无线可生物降解植入式传感器，涵盖需要监测的生命体征、涉及的无线技术以及用于制造设备的可生物降解材料，以及设计的设备及其应用。特别强调了它们的优点和缺点，并报告和讨论了所面临的关键挑战，主要与制造技术以及设备降解动力学和生物相容性的控制有关。
