Aguilar-Hernández Marlene G, Sánchez-Bravo Paola, Hernández Francisca, Carbonell-Barrachina Ángel A, Pastor-Pérez Joaquín J, Legua Pilar
Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima 15026, Peru.
Departamento Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Grupo Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Carretera de Beniel, Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
Foods. 2020 Feb 24;9(2):241. doi: 10.3390/foods9020241.
(L.) Burm is an important crop that grows between latitudes 30° North and 30° South, the main producers being China, the USA, Mexico, India, Brazil, and Spain. In Spain, lemon grows mainly in Mediterranean areas such as Murcia, Valencia, and Andalucía. The most cultivated varieties are "Fino" and "Verna". In this study, five varieties of lemon, "Verna", "Bétera", "Eureka", "Fino 49", and "Fino 95" were evaluated on different rootstocks: three new Forner-Alcaide ("FA13", "FA5", "FA517"), Wester, and L. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain essential oil from fresh peels and then the volatile profile was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 26 volatile compounds were identified, limonene being the main one followed by β-pinene, γ-terpinene, sabinene, and α-pinene. The results revealed that Forner-Alcaide rootstocks ("FA5" > "FA517" > "FA13") proved to be the best rootstocks for the aroma quality as they led to high volatile contents, followed by and . Among the other varieties, the most aromatic one was "Eureka". The whole trend was as follows (in decreasing order): "Eureka" > "Bétera" > "Fino 95" > "Verna" > "Fino 49".
柠檬是一种重要的作物，生长在北纬30°至南纬30°之间，主要生产国有中国、美国、墨西哥、印度、巴西和西班牙。在西班牙，柠檬主要种植在地中海地区，如穆尔西亚、巴伦西亚和安达卢西亚。种植最多的品种是“菲诺”和“韦尔纳”。在本研究中，对五个柠檬品种“韦尔纳”、“贝特拉”、“尤力克”、“菲诺49”和“菲诺95”在不同砧木上进行了评估：三种新的福尔纳-阿尔凯德砧木（“FA13”、“FA5”、“FA517”）、韦斯特砧木和L砧木。采用水蒸馏法从新鲜果皮中提取精油，然后用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）研究其挥发性成分。共鉴定出26种挥发性化合物，柠檬烯是主要成分，其次是β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、桧烯和α-蒎烯。结果表明，福尔纳-阿尔凯德砧木（“FA5”>“FA517”>“FA13”）被证明是香气品质最佳的砧木，因为它们能产生较高的挥发性成分含量，其次是韦斯特砧木和L砧木。在其他品种中，最具芳香的是“尤力克”。整体趋势如下（从高到低）：“尤力克”>“贝特拉”>“菲诺95”>“韦尔纳”>“菲诺49”。
