Hayford Sarah R, Garver Sarah, Soura Abdramane B, Cheong Yuk Fai, Grose Rose Grace, Yount Kathryn M
Stud Fam Plann. 2020 Mar;51(1):3-32. doi: 10.1111/sifp.12109. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
Despite long-term efforts to encourage abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC), the practice remains widespread globally. FGMC is situated in specific social and historical contexts, and both prevalence and rates of decline vary widely across practicing countries. However, cross-national comparative research on the determinants of FGMC is sparse. This paper adds to the limited body of rigorous, theoretically grounded quantitative studies of FGMC and takes a step toward advancing cross-national comparative research. We apply an integrated theoretical framework that brings together norms-based and gender-based explanations of community-level influences on FGMC. We test this framework in four francophone West African countries, drawing on comparable nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys in Burkina Faso (2010), Côte d'Ivoire (2011-2012), Guinea (2012), and Mali (2012-2013). Results show that community-level FGMC norms and community-level gendered opportunities are associated with girls' risk of FGMC, but that the direct and moderating associations vary qualitatively across countries. Our findings highlight the contribution of context-specific social and institutional processes to the decline or persistence of FGMC.
尽管长期致力于鼓励摒弃女性生殖器切割，但这种做法在全球范围内仍然普遍存在。女性生殖器切割存在于特定的社会和历史背景中，其流行率和下降率在实施该做法的国家之间差异很大。然而，关于女性生殖器切割决定因素的跨国比较研究却很少。本文补充了有限的关于女性生殖器切割的严谨的、基于理论的定量研究，并朝着推进跨国比较研究迈出了一步。我们应用了一个综合理论框架，该框架将基于规范和基于性别的社区层面影响女性生殖器切割的解释结合在一起。我们利用布基纳法索（2010年）、科特迪瓦（2011 - 2012年）、几内亚（2012年）和马里（2012 - 2013年）人口与健康调查中的可比全国代表性数据，在四个西非法语国家对这个框架进行了测试。结果表明，社区层面的女性生殖器切割规范和社区层面的性别机会与女孩遭受女性生殖器切割的风险相关，但直接和调节关联在不同国家存在质的差异。我们的研究结果突出了特定背景下的社会和制度过程对女性生殖器切割的减少或持续存在的作用。
