Way Jonathan, Whiting Daniel
Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.
Ethical Theory Moral Pract. 2017;20(2):361-374. doi: 10.1007/s10677-016-9775-9. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
Perspectivists hold that what you ought to do is determined by your perspective, that is, your epistemic position. Objectivists hold that what you ought to do is determined by the facts irrespective of your perspective. This paper explores an influential argument for perspectivism which appeals to the thought that the normative is . The crucial premise of the argument is that you ought to φ only if you are able to φ for the reasons which determine that you ought to φ. We show that this premise can be understood in different ways. On one reading, it provides no support for perspectivism. On another reading, the premise lacks support. So, the argument fails. An important upshot of the paper is that the objectivist can embrace the thought about guidance.
视角主义者认为，你应该做的事情是由你的视角决定的，也就是说，由你的认知立场决定。客观主义者认为，你应该做的事情是由事实决定的，与你的视角无关。本文探讨了一个支持视角主义的有影响力的论证，该论证诉诸这样一种观点，即规范性的东西是…… 该论证的关键前提是，只有当你能够出于决定你应该做 φ 的理由而做 φ 时，你才应该做 φ。我们表明，这个前提可以有不同的理解方式。从一种解读来看，它并不支持视角主义。从另一种解读来看，这个前提缺乏依据。所以，这个论证是失败的。本文的一个重要结论是，客观主义者可以接受关于指导的这种观点。
