Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Botswana-Harvard AIDS Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
J Med Virol. 2020 Dec;92(12):3336-3343. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25730. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects over 250 million people worldwide. Vaccination is effective at preventing infection, although several mutations within the "a" determinant region of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) are associated with vaccine escape. We evaluated the frequency, genotype, and global distribution of polymorphisms at sites associated with vaccine escape in 4244 unique full-length HBV genomes. The "a" determinant within the Surface gene was inspected for polymorphisms at sites identified previously associated with vaccine escape. Nearly, 268 (6.3%) sequences from 36 countries contained a polymorphism at a site associated with vaccine escape including 22 genotype A, 99 genotype B, 93 genotype C, 32 genotype D, 14 genotype E, 3 genotype F, 2 genotype G, and 3 genotype I. In genotype A, the most common polymorphism occurred at M133. In genotype B, Q129 and M133 occurred 45 and 51 times, respectively, accounting for 94% of polymorphisms. Polymorphisms at G145 were most frequent in genotype C, while P120 was most common in genotype D. Among all genotypes, polymorphisms at M133 were the most common and accounted for 30.9% of polymorphisms. Polymorphisms at T116, P120, F134, K141, and P142 occurred in geographically diverse locations, whereas polymorphisms at Q129, M133, D144, and G145 were concentrated in East Asia. While the sample size is large, this approach relied on convenience sampling within each country, and many countries have no data available, thereby highlighting the need for additional routine surveillance of surface antigen mutations associated with vaccine escape.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染全球超过 2.5 亿人。疫苗接种在预防感染方面非常有效，尽管 HBV 表面抗原（HBsAg）的“a”决定簇区域内存在几个突变与疫苗逃逸有关。我们评估了 4244 个独特的全长 HBV 基因组中与疫苗逃逸相关的多态性的频率、基因型和全球分布。在表面基因的“a”决定簇中检查了先前与疫苗逃逸相关的位点的多态性。来自 36 个国家的近 268 个（6.3%）序列包含与疫苗逃逸相关的位点的多态性，包括 22 个基因型 A、99 个基因型 B、93 个基因型 C、32 个基因型 D、14 个基因型 E、3 个基因型 F、2 个基因型 G 和 3 个基因型 I。在基因型 A 中，最常见的多态性发生在 M133。在基因型 B 中，Q129 和 M133 分别发生了 45 次和 51 次，占多态性的 94%。基因型 C 中最常见的多态性发生在 G145，而基因型 D 中最常见的多态性发生在 P120。在所有基因型中，M133 的多态性最常见，占多态性的 30.9%。T116、P120、F134、K141 和 P142 的多态性发生在地理分布广泛的地区，而 Q129、M133、D144 和 G145 的多态性集中在东亚。虽然样本量很大，但这种方法依赖于每个国家的便利抽样，许多国家没有可用的数据，因此需要加强对与疫苗逃逸相关的表面抗原突变的额外常规监测。
