Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2020 May;34(3):318-327. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12644. Epub 2020 Feb 27.
There is variability between women for days of menstrual bleeding, cycle lengths, follicular phase lengths, and luteal phase lengths, related to age and parity.
To describe total cycle length; anovulatory cycles; follicular and luteal phase lengths; and days and intensity of menstrual and non-menstrual bleeding in women without known subfertility over the course of 1 year.
581 women (3,324 cycles) with no known subfertility (18-40 years of age) were followed for up to 1 year. Women recorded vaginal bleeding and mucus discharge daily. We used the peak day of cervical mucus as the estimated day of ovulation and the last day of the follicular phase. We used generalised linear mixed models stratified by age and parity to describe menstrual cycle parameters.
The majority of women were <30 years of age (74.5%), non-Hispanic White (88.6%), and nulliparous (70.4%). The mean menses length was 6.2 (1.5) days, median 6; cycle length 30.3 (6.7) days, median 29; follicular phase length 18.5 (6.5) days, median 17; and luteal phase length 11.7 (2.8) days, median 12. Nulliparous women aged ≥30 years vs nulliparous women aged <30 had shorter cycles (29.2 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 27.8, 30.7 vs 31.5 days, 95% CI 30.8, 32.2) and shorter follicular phases (17.6 days, 95% CI 16.2, 18.9 vs 19.6 days, 95% CI 18.9, 20.2). Among all women, within-woman differences between the longest and shortest menses length >3 days, total cycle length >7 days, follicular phase >7 days, and luteal phase >3 days were found in 11.6%, 43.0%, 41.7%, and 58.8% of women, respectively.
Our findings confirm variability between women of menstrual cycle parameters related to age and parity, and also highlight within-woman variability in the follicular and luteal phases.
女性的月经出血天数、周期长度、卵泡期长度和黄体期长度存在差异，这与年龄和产次有关。
描述无已知生育力低下的女性在 1 年内的总周期长度；无排卵周期；卵泡期和黄体期长度；以及月经和非月经出血的天数和强度。
对 581 名（3324 个周期）无已知生育力低下（18-40 岁）的女性进行了长达 1 年的随访。女性每天记录阴道出血和黏液分泌物。我们使用宫颈黏液高峰日估计排卵日和卵泡期的最后一天。我们使用广义线性混合模型按年龄和产次分层描述月经周期参数。
大多数女性年龄<30 岁（74.5%）、非西班牙裔白人（88.6%）和未产（70.4%）。平均月经持续时间为 6.2（1.5）天，中位数为 6；周期长度为 30.3（6.7）天，中位数为 29；卵泡期长度为 18.5（6.5）天，中位数为 17；黄体期长度为 11.7（2.8）天，中位数为 12。年龄≥30 岁的未产女性与年龄<30 岁的未产女性相比，周期更短（29.2 天，95%置信区间（CI）27.8，30.7 vs 31.5 天，95%CI 30.8，32.2）和卵泡期更短（17.6 天，95%CI 16.2，18.9 vs 19.6 天，95%CI 18.9，20.2）。在所有女性中，最长和最短月经持续时间>3 天、总周期长度>7 天、卵泡期>7 天和黄体期>3 天的个体差异分别在 11.6%、43.0%、41.7%和 58.8%的女性中存在。
我们的研究结果证实了与年龄和产次相关的月经周期参数在女性之间存在差异，同时也强调了卵泡期和黄体期在个体之间存在差异。
