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探索环境和临床环境中饮用水的抗药性组、毒力组和微生物组。

Exploring the resistome, virulome and microbiome of drinking water in environmental and clinical settings.

机构信息

Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

出版信息

Water Res. 2020 May 1;174:115630. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115630. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems harbor a vast pool of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can suffer mutation, recombination and selection events. Here, we explored the diversity of ARGs, virulence factors and the bacterial community composition in water samples before (surface raw water, RW) and after (disinfected water, DW) drinking water conventional treatment, as well as in tap water (TW) and ultrafiltration membranes (UM, recovered from hemodialysis equipment) through metagenomics. A total of 852 different ARGs were identified, 21.8% of them only in RW, which might reflect the impact of human activities on the river at the sampling point. Although a similar resistance profile has been observed between the samples, significant differences in the frequency of clinically relevant antibiotic classes (penam and peptide) were identified. Resistance determinants to last resort antibiotics, including sequences related to mcr, optrA and poxtA and clinically relevant beta-lactamase genes (i.e. bla, bla, bla, bla, bla and bla) were detected. 830 coding sequences (CDSs - related to 217 different ARGs) were embedded in contigs associated with mobile genetic elements, specially plasmids, of which 68% in RW, DW and TW, suggesting the importance of water environments in resistance dissemination. Shifts in bacterial pathogens genera were observed, such as a significant increase in Mycobacterium after treatment and distribution. In UM, the potentially pathogenic genus Halomonas predominated. Its draft genome was closely related to H. stevensii, hosting mainly multidrug efflux pumps. These results broaden our understanding of the global ARGs diversity and stress the importance of tracking the ever-expanding environmental resistome.

摘要

水生生态系统中蕴藏着大量的抗生素耐药基因(ARGs),这些基因可能会发生突变、重组和选择。在这里,我们通过宏基因组学方法研究了饮用水常规处理前后(地表原水 RW、消毒水 DW)、自来水(TW)和超滤膜(UM,从血液透析设备中回收)中的 ARGs、毒力因子和细菌群落组成的多样性。共鉴定出 852 种不同的 ARGs,其中 21.8%仅存在于 RW 中,这可能反映了人类活动对采样点河流的影响。尽管在样品中观察到了相似的耐药谱,但仍发现了临床上相关抗生素类别(青霉素和肽类)的频率存在显著差异。检测到了针对最后手段抗生素的耐药决定因素,包括与 mcr、optrA 和 poxtA 相关的序列以及临床上相关的β-内酰胺酶基因(即 bla、bla、bla、bla、bla 和 bla)。830 个编码序列(与 217 种不同的 ARGs 相关)嵌入与移动遗传元件(特别是质粒)相关的基因序列中,其中 68%存在于 RW、DW 和 TW 中,这表明水环境在耐药性传播中的重要性。观察到细菌病原体属的变化,例如处理后和分布中分枝杆菌的显著增加。在 UM 中,优势潜在致病属是海洋单胞菌属。其草图基因组与 H. stevensii 密切相关,主要宿主是多药外排泵。这些结果拓宽了我们对抗生素耐药基因多样性的认识,并强调了跟踪不断扩大的环境耐药组的重要性。

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