Villumsen Kasper Rømer, Kania Per Walter, Christensen Dennis, Koppang Erling Olaf, Bojesen Anders Miki
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Adjuvant Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Feb 25;8(1):103. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010103.
Protection facilitated by the widespread use of mineral oil adjuvanted injection vaccines in salmonid fish comes with adverse effects of varying severity. In this study, we characterized the immunological profiles of two alternative vaccine formulations, both with proven efficacy and an improved safety profile in rainbow trout. Experimental injection vaccines were prepared on an identical whole-cell bacterin platform and were formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, a liposomal (CAF01) or a benchmark mineral oil adjuvant, respectively. A naïve group, as well as bacterin and saline-injected groups were also included. Following administration, antigen-specific serum antibody titers, the tissue distribution of immune cell markers, and the expression of immune-relevant genes following the in vitro antigenic restimulation of anterior kidney leukocytes was investigated. Immunohistochemical staining suggested prolonged antigen presentation for the particulate formulations and increased mucosal presence of antigen-presenting cells in all immunized fish. Unlike the other immunized groups, the CAF01 group only displayed a transient elevation in specific antibody titers and immunohistochemical observations, and the transcription data suggest an increased role of cell-mediated immunity for this group. Finally, the transcription profile of the CpG formulation approached that of a T profile. When compared to the benchmark formulation, CAF01 and CpG adjuvants induce slight, but distinct differences in the resulting protective immune responses. This is important, as it allows a broader immunological approach for the future development of safer vaccines.
在鲑科鱼类中广泛使用矿物油佐剂注射疫苗带来的保护作用伴随着不同严重程度的不良反应。在本研究中，我们对两种替代疫苗制剂的免疫特征进行了表征，这两种制剂在虹鳟鱼中均已证明具有疗效且安全性有所改善。实验性注射疫苗是在相同的全细胞菌苗平台上制备的，分别用CpG寡脱氧核苷酸、脂质体（CAF01）或基准矿物油佐剂进行配制。还包括一个未免疫组以及注射菌苗和生理盐水的组。给药后，研究了抗原特异性血清抗体滴度、免疫细胞标志物的组织分布以及前肾白细胞体外抗原再刺激后免疫相关基因的表达。免疫组织化学染色表明，颗粒制剂的抗原呈递时间延长，且所有免疫鱼中抗原呈递细胞的黏膜存在增加。与其他免疫组不同，CAF01组仅显示特异性抗体滴度和免疫组织化学观察结果有短暂升高，转录数据表明该组细胞介导的免疫作用增强。最后，CpG制剂的转录谱接近T细胞谱。与基准制剂相比，CAF01和CpG佐剂在产生的保护性免疫反应中诱导出轻微但明显的差异。这很重要，因为它为未来开发更安全的疫苗提供了更广泛的免疫学方法。
