Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Scand J Surg. 2021 Sep;110(3):434-440. doi: 10.1177/1457496920903987. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Impact of appearance of congenital hand anomalies has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the common perception about how different congenitally malformed hands look.
We developed a questionnaire in a game format to evaluate the appearance of different hands. Altogether 1450 (954 females) 4- to 84-year-old residents (296 children) of two European and one Asian (n = 102) country were asked to rate the appearance of different looking hands on a five-point pictorial Likert-type scale. Standardized photographs of the dorsal aspect of 17 different congenitally malformed non-operated hands and a normal hand were presented to respondents. Significance of age, gender, nationality, and profession of the respondents was assessed.
The respondents' ranking order of the hands was nearly consistent. The normal hand (mean = 4.43, standard deviation = 0.85, Md = 5) and clinodactyly (mean = 4.37, standard deviation = 0.86, Md = 5) were perceived to have the best appearance. Symbrachydactyly (mean = 1.42, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) and radial club hand (mean = 1.40, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) received the lowest scores. Adults rated the appearance of hands higher than children regarding 14 hands, females higher than men regarding 15 hands, and Europeans higher than Asians in 4 hands (p < 0.05, respectively). Europeans rated four-finger hand (mean = 3.21, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3) better looking than six-finger hand (mean = 2.92, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3, p < 0.005), whereas Asians gave higher scores to six-finger hand (mean = 2.66, standard deviation = 1.26, Md = 3) compared to four-finger hand (mean = 2.51, standard deviation = 1.14, Md = 2). Medical doctors and nurses gave higher scores compared to the other profession groups, school children, and high school students in five hands (p < 0.05).
A normal hand is perceived distinctly better looking than most congenitally different hands. Different malformations' appearance was ranked very coherently in the same order despite of participants' age, gender, nationality, or profession. Asians seem to prefer an additional digit to a four-finger hand.
先天性手部畸形的外观影响此前尚未报道。本研究的目的是描述对不同先天性畸形手外观的常见看法。
我们开发了一种游戏形式的问卷来评估不同手的外观。共有来自两个欧洲国家和一个亚洲国家（n=102）的 1450 名（954 名女性）4 至 84 岁居民（296 名儿童）被要求使用五点图片利克特量表对不同外观的手进行评分。向受访者展示了 17 只不同先天性畸形未手术手和一只正常手的背侧标准照片。评估了受访者的年龄、性别、国籍和职业的意义。
受访者对手的排序几乎一致。正常手（均值=4.43，标准差=0.85，Md=5）和指弯曲畸形（均值=4.37，标准差=0.86，Md=5）被认为外观最好。并指畸形（均值=1.42，标准差=0.68，Md=1）和桡侧球窝手（均值=1.40，标准差=0.68，Md=1）得分最低。成年人对 14 只手的外观评分高于儿童，女性对 15 只手的外观评分高于男性，欧洲人对 4 只手的外观评分高于亚洲人（p<0.05，分别）。欧洲人对手指畸形（均值=3.21，标准差=1.18，Md=3）的评分高于六指畸形（均值=2.92，标准差=1.18，Md=3，p<0.005），而亚洲人对六指畸形（均值=2.66，标准差=1.26，Md=3）的评分高于四指畸形（均值=2.51，标准差=1.14，Md=2）。与其他职业群体、小学生和高中生相比，医生和护士在五只手上的评分更高（p<0.05）。
正常手明显比大多数先天性不同的手更好看。尽管参与者的年龄、性别、国籍或职业不同，但不同畸形的外观仍然非常一致地排在同一顺序。亚洲人似乎更喜欢多一根手指而不是四指畸形。
