[科学不端行为：医学研究的重大威胁]

[Scientific misconduct: A major threat for medical research].

作者信息

Barde F, Peiffer-Smadja N, de La Blanchardière A

机构信息

Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94270 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France; Inserm, IAME, UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France.

出版信息

Rev Med Interne. 2020 May;41(5):330-334. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.02.004. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.revmed.2020.02.004

PMID:32107052

Abstract

Scientific misconduct (fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism) and detrimental research practices (selective reporting of data, inappropriate citation practice, ghostwriting) are admitted respectively by 2 % and 33 % of researchers. The consequences of scientific misconduct and detrimental research practices are disastrous, both for the doctors, who are the most affected researchers in view of the number of retracted articles, and for the patients, victims of false information that may have health consequences. In order to fight against the causes (promotion of doctors and allocation of resources to clinical wards and laboratories on purely quantitative research criteria, lack of training in scientific integrity in medical studies, heterogenous quality of reviewing, legal impunity), there are legislative, academic, technological and editorial solutions, but radical and urgent cultural change is needed first.

摘要

2%的研究人员承认存在科学不端行为（捏造、伪造和剽窃），33%的研究人员承认存在有害研究行为（选择性报告数据、不当引用行为、代笔）。科学不端行为和有害研究行为的后果是灾难性的，对于医生来说是如此——鉴于撤回文章的数量，他们是受影响最大的研究人员，对于患者来说也是如此，他们是虚假信息的受害者，而这些虚假信息可能会对健康产生影响。为了消除这些根源（单纯基于定量研究标准对医生进行晋升以及将资源分配到临床病房和实验室、医学研究中缺乏科学诚信培训、评审质量参差不齐、法律免责），有立法、学术、技术和编辑方面的解决办法，但首先需要进行彻底且紧迫的文化变革。