School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
J Mot Behav. 2021;53(1):128-134. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1732860. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
Motor skill acquisition utilizes a wide array of neural structures; however, few articles evaluate how the relative contributions of these structures shift over the course of learning. Recent evidence from rodents and songbirds suggests there is a transfer from cortical to subcortical structures following intense, repetitive training. Evidence from humans indicate that the reticulospinal system is modulated over the course of skill acquisition and may be a subcortical facilitator of learning. The objective of this study was to evaluate how reticulospinal contributions are modulated by task expertise. Reticulospinal contributions were assessed using StartReact (SR). We hypothesized that expert typists would show SR during an individuated, keystroke task but SR would be absent in novices. Expert (75.2 ± 9.8 WPM) and novice typists (41.6 ± 8.2 WPM) were evaluated during an individuated, keystroke movements. In experts, SR was present but was absent in novices. Together, these results suggest that experts use reticulospinal contributions more for movement than novices indicating that the reticular formation becomes increasingly important for movement execution in highly trained, skilled tasks even those that require individuated movement of the fingers.
运动技能的获取利用了广泛的神经结构；然而，很少有文章评估这些结构的相对贡献在学习过程中是如何变化的。最近来自啮齿动物和鸣禽的证据表明，在密集、重复的训练后，皮质结构向皮质下结构转移。来自人类的证据表明，网状脊髓系统在技能获取过程中被调节，并且可能是学习的皮质下促进者。本研究的目的是评估网状脊髓贡献如何被任务专业知识所调节。使用 StartReact (SR) 评估网状脊髓贡献。我们假设，专家打字员在个体化的按键任务中会表现出 SR，但新手则不会。在个体化的按键运动中，评估了专家（75.2 ± 9.8 WPM）和新手打字员（41.6 ± 8.2 WPM）。在专家中，存在 SR，但在新手打字员中不存在。这些结果表明，与新手相比，专家在运动中更多地使用网状脊髓贡献，这表明在高度训练的熟练任务中，即使是需要手指个体化运动的任务，网状结构对于运动执行变得越来越重要。
