Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust, San Juan, PR, USA; Know Your Bee, Inc. San Juan, PR, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2020 May;120:103334. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103334. Epub 2020 Feb 25.
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of the soybean plant, Glycine max, a major world-wide agricultural crop. We assembled a de novo genome sequence of Ap. glycines Biotype 1, from a culture established shortly after this species invaded North America. 20.4% of the Ap. glycines proteome is duplicated. These in-paralogs are enriched with Gene Ontology (GO) categories mostly related to apoptosis, a possible adaptation to plant chemistry and other environmental stressors. Approximately one-third of these genes show parallel duplication in other aphids. But Ap. gossypii, its closest related species, has the lowest number of these duplicated genes. An Illumina GoldenGate assay of 2380 SNPs was used to determine the world-wide population structure of Ap. Glycines. China and South Korean aphids are the closest to those in North America. China is the likely origin of other Asian aphid populations. The most distantly related aphids to those in North America are from Australia. The diversity of Ap. glycines in North America has decreased over time since its arrival. The genetic diversity of Ap. glycines North American population sampled shortly after its first detection in 2001 up to 2012 does not appear to correlate with geography. However, aphids collected on soybean Rag experimental varieties in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), and Wisconsin (WI), closer to high density Rhamnus cathartica stands, appear to have higher capacity to colonize resistant soybean plants than aphids sampled in Ohio (OH), North Dakota (ND), and South Dakota (SD). Samples from the former states have SNP alleles with high F values and frequencies, that overlap with genes involved in iron metabolism, a crucial metabolic pathway that may be affected by the Rag-associated soybean plant response. The Ap. glycines Biotype 1 genome will provide needed information for future analyses of mechanisms of aphid virulence and pesticide resistance as well as facilitate comparative analyses between aphids with differing natural history and host plant range.
大豆蚜，Aphis glycines Matsumura（半翅目：蚜科）是大豆植物 Glycine max 的一种严重害虫，是一种全球性的主要农业作物。我们从该物种入侵北美后不久建立的一个文化中组装了 Ap. glycines Biotype 1 的从头基因组序列。Ap. glycines 蛋白质组的 20.4%是重复的。这些基因内同源物富含与细胞凋亡相关的基因本体论（GO）类别，这可能是对植物化学物质和其他环境胁迫的一种适应。这些基因中的大约三分之一在其他蚜虫中表现出平行复制。但是，与其亲缘关系最近的物种 Ap. gossypii 具有这些重复基因的数量最少。使用 Illumina GoldenGate 对 2380 个 SNP 的测定用于确定 Ap. Glycines 的全球种群结构。中国和韩国的蚜虫与北美的蚜虫最接近。中国可能是其他亚洲蚜虫种群的起源地。与北美的蚜虫最不相关的是来自澳大利亚的蚜虫。自 2001 年首次发现以来，北美的 Ap. glycines 多样性随着时间的推移而减少。2001 年首次检测到的 Ap. glycines 北美种群的遗传多样性在 2012 年之前似乎与地理无关。然而，在明尼苏达州（MN）、爱荷华州（IA）和威斯康星州（WI）的大豆 Rag 实验品种上采集的蚜虫，更接近高密度的 Rhamnus cathartica 林，似乎比在俄亥俄州（OH）、北达科他州（ND）和南达科他州（SD）采集的蚜虫更有能力定植抗大豆植物。来自前几个州的样本具有高 F 值和频率的 SNP 等位基因，与铁代谢相关的基因重叠，铁代谢是一种关键的代谢途径，可能会受到 Rag 相关大豆植物反应的影响。Ap. glycines Biotype 1 基因组将为未来分析蚜虫毒力和抗药性机制以及促进具有不同自然历史和宿主植物范围的蚜虫之间的比较分析提供所需的信息。
