Shahamat Ali-Asghar, Rastegarpouyani Eskandar, Rastegar-Pouyani Nasrullah, Hosseinian Yousefkhani Seyyed Saeed, Wink Michael
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
PeerJ. 2020 Feb 17;8:e8295. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8295. eCollection 2020.
consists of different morphotypes with restricted distributions in the Iranian Plateau. The phylogeny of the species complex has not been resolved so far, but recently were elevated from this complex into a full species. Other populations of the species complex need to be evaluated taxonomically.
In the present study, several populations of this species complex along with specimens of its closely related taxa in Iran, and , were examined using partial nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial genes (cytb and ND2) (total length 1,322 bp).
Populations of clustered within the species complex, thus indicating its paraphyly, but was previously determined to be a species based on morphological features. The species complex forms two distinct major clades, each of which is represented by several local populations on the Iranian Plateau. At least five distinct taxa can be identified within this traditional group. Our biogeographic evaluation of the molecular dataset suggested that the complex originated in the Late Oligocene (30 mya) and subsequently diversified during the early to middle Miocene (22-13 mya). At first, the predominantly western clade of diverged from the other clades (22 mya). Afterward, diverged around 18 mya ago. The broader complex started to diverge about 16 mya, forming several clades on the Iranian Plateau and in Central Asia. The different lineages within this species complex appear to be the result of vicariance events and dispersal waives. The corresponding vicariance events are the formation of the Zagros and Kopet Dagh basins (16-14 mya), and consequently, the aridification of the Iranian Plateau in the late Miocene (11-6 Mya).
由不同形态类型组成，在伊朗高原分布有限。该物种复合体的系统发育至今尚未解决，但最近 已从这个复合体提升为一个完整的物种。该物种复合体的其他种群需要进行分类学评估。
在本研究中，使用两个线粒体基因（细胞色素b和ND2）的部分核苷酸序列（全长1322 bp）对该物种复合体在伊朗的几个种群以及其近缘分类群的标本 和 进行了检查。
的种群聚集在 物种复合体内，因此表明其并系性，但 此前根据形态特征被确定为一个物种。 物种复合体形成两个不同的主要分支，每个分支由伊朗高原上的几个当地种群代表。在这个传统类群中至少可以识别出五个不同的分类单元。我们对分子数据集的生物地理学评估表明， 复合体起源于渐新世晚期（3000万年前），随后在中新世早期至中期（2200 - 1300万年前）多样化。首先， 的主要西部分支与其他分支分化（2200万年前）。之后， 在大约1800万年前分化。更广泛的 复合体大约在1600万年前开始分化，在伊朗高原和中亚形成了几个分支。这个物种复合体内的不同谱系似乎是隔离事件和扩散浪潮的结果。相应的隔离事件是扎格罗斯和科佩特山脉盆地的形成（1600 - 1400万年前），因此，在中新世晚期（1100 - 600万年前）伊朗高原干旱化。
