Ojha Utkarsh, Nachiappan Nitish
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2019 Dec;40(5):201-206.
Puberty in mammals is defined as the development of fertility, which involves the maturation of secondary sex characteristics and reproductive organs. This phenomenon is controlled by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis. However, the timing of puberty differs greatly among individuals, and it is thought that a combination of genetic and environmental factors governs its onset. Advances in genetic analysis has allowed the identification of many more gene loci involved in regulating puberty. Understanding the genetics regulating the mammalian reproductive cycle can open novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of human infertility. This review aims to explore the genes currently thought to regulate pubertal onset, in particular the KISS-1, and TAC-3 genes. Moreover, this review aims to provide insight into the emerging roles of the genes which usually regulate nutritional status including the FGF21 gene and how they may impact pubertal onset.
哺乳动物的青春期被定义为生育能力的发展，这涉及到第二性征和生殖器官的成熟。这种现象由下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴控制。然而，青春期的时间在个体之间差异很大，人们认为遗传和环境因素的结合决定了青春期的开始。遗传分析的进展使得能够识别出更多参与调节青春期的基因座。了解调节哺乳动物生殖周期的遗传学可以为治疗人类不孕症开辟新的治疗途径。本综述旨在探讨目前认为调节青春期开始的基因，特别是KISS-1和TAC-3基因。此外，本综述旨在深入了解通常调节营养状况的基因（包括FGF21基因）的新作用，以及它们如何影响青春期的开始。
