MBBS, MPH, PhD, FRACGP, FACTM, Executive Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Qld.
Aust J Gen Pract. 2020 Mar;49(3):88-92. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-11-19-5146.
The use of potent immunosuppressant medications is becoming more common, particularly the use of biologicals for a range of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
This article focuses on the implications of immunosuppressant medications for travel, including pre-travel vaccinations, minimising risks during travel and travelling with medicines.
Pre-travel risk assessment is essential to prepare for safe travel. Live vaccines are contraindicated in people with significant immunosuppression because of the higher risk of adverse events and vaccine-associated disease. Inactivated vaccines can be used but may be less effective. Assessing the degree of immunocompromise in patients taking immunosuppressants includes considering both the medications and the underlying conditions. An individualised approach, often involving expert input, is needed to provide pre-travel health advice and immunisation. Planning ahead for travel is needed to minimise risks.
强效免疫抑制剂的使用越来越普遍，特别是生物制剂在类风湿关节炎和炎症性肠病等多种疾病中的应用。
本文重点介绍免疫抑制剂对旅行的影响，包括旅行前疫苗接种、旅行期间降低风险以及携带药物旅行。
旅行前风险评估对于安全旅行至关重要。由于不良反应和疫苗相关疾病的风险较高，严重免疫抑制的人群禁用活疫苗。可以使用灭活疫苗，但效果可能较差。评估服用免疫抑制剂的患者的免疫抑制程度包括考虑药物和基础疾病。需要采用个体化方法，通常需要专家参与，为旅行前健康咨询和免疫接种提供建议。需要提前计划旅行以降低风险。
