Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 5, Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Acta Diabetol. 2020 Jul;57(7):853-860. doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01494-9. Epub 2020 Feb 29.
Gut microbiota significantly impacts human health and is influenced by dietary changes. We evaluated the effects of diets naturally rich in polyphenols (PP) and/or long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3) on microbiota composition in an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk.
Seventy-eight individuals with high waist circumference and at least one additional component of the metabolic syndrome were randomized to an isoenergetic 8-week diet: (a) low LCn3 and PP; (b) high LCn3; (c) high PP; or (d) high LCn3 and PP. Microbiota analysis was performed on feces collected before and after the intervention. DGGE analysis of the predominant bacteria, Eubacterium rectale and Blautia coccoides group (Lachnospiraceae, EREC), Clostridium leptum (Ruminococcaceae, CLEPT), Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus group was performed. A quantitative real-time PCR was performed for the same group, additionally including Atopobium cluster (Coriobatteriaceae). Before and after the intervention, participants underwent a 75 g OGTT and a high-fat test meal to evaluate glucose and lipid response.
Adherence to the four diets was optimal. PP significantly increased microbial diversity (p = 0.006) and CLEPT (p = 0.015), while it reduced EREC (p = 0.044). LCn3 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacteria (p = 0.041). Changes in CLEPT numbers correlated with changes in early insulin secretion (r = 0.263, p = 0.030). Changes in Atopobium numbers correlated with postprandial triglycerides in plasma (r = 0.266, p = 0.026) and large VLDL (r = 0.313, p = 0.009), and cholesterol in large VLDL (r = 0.319, p = 0.008).
Diets naturally rich in PP or LCn3 influenced gut microbiota composition in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk. These modifications were associated with changes in glucose/lipid metabolism.
肠道微生物群对人类健康有重大影响，并受饮食变化的影响。我们在一项针对高心血管代谢风险个体的随机对照试验的辅助分析中，评估了富含多酚（PP）和/或长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（LCn3）的饮食对微生物群落组成的影响。
78 名腰围较大且至少有代谢综合征其他一个组成部分的个体被随机分配到 8 周的等能量饮食中：（a）低 LCn3 和 PP；（b）高 LCn3；（c）高 PP；或（d）高 LCn3 和 PP。在干预前后采集粪便进行微生物组分析。采用 DGGE 分析主要细菌、直肠真杆菌和布劳特氏菌属（Lachnospiraceae，ERE）、Clostridium leptum（Ruminococcaceae，CLEPT）、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属。还对同一组进行了定量实时 PCR，另外包括拟杆菌属簇（Coriobacteriaceae）。在干预前后，参与者进行了 75gOGTT 和高脂肪测试餐，以评估葡萄糖和脂质反应。
四种饮食的依从性都很理想。PP 显著增加了微生物多样性（p=0.006）和 CLEPT（p=0.015），同时降低了 EREC（p=0.044）。LCn3 显著增加了双歧杆菌属的数量（p=0.041）。CLEPT 数量的变化与早期胰岛素分泌的变化相关（r=0.263，p=0.030）。拟杆菌属数量的变化与餐后血浆甘油三酯（r=0.266，p=0.026）和大 VLDL（r=0.313，p=0.009）以及大 VLDL 中的胆固醇（r=0.319，p=0.008）相关。
富含 PP 或 LCn3 的饮食会影响高心血管代谢风险个体的肠道微生物群组成。这些变化与血糖/脂质代谢的变化有关。
